שָׁלֹ֣ושׁ פְּעָמִ֣ים בַּשָּׁנָ֡ה יֵרָאֶ֨ה כָל־זְכוּרְךָ֜ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ בַּמָּקֹום֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִבְחָ֔ר בְּחַ֧ג הַמַּצֹּ֛ות וּבְחַ֥ג הַשָּׁבֻעֹ֖ות וּבְחַ֣ג הַסֻּכֹּ֑ות וְלֹ֧א יֵרָאֶ֛ה אֶת־פְּנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה רֵיקָֽם׃
Three times in a year all your males shall appear before YHWH your God in the place which He chooses: at the Festival of Matzot, at the Festival of Shavuot, and at the Festival of Sukkot, and they shall not appear before YHWH empty-handed.
Morphology
- שָׁלֹ֣ושׁ (shalosh) – Root: שלש (shalash); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Three”; Notes: Specifies the number of occurrences.
- פְּעָמִ֣ים (peʿamim) – Root: פעם (paʿam); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “times”; Notes: Refers to the number of required appearances.
- בַּשָּׁנָ֡ה (ba-shanah) – Root: שנה (shanah); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “in the year”; Notes: Specifies the annual occurrence.
- יֵרָאֶ֨ה (ye-raʾeh) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall appear”; Notes: Refers to the act of presenting oneself.
- כָל־ (kol) – Root: כלל (kol); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Indicates inclusivity.
- זְכוּרְךָ֜ (zekhurkha) – Root: זכר (zakhar); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your males”; Notes: Refers to male members of the household.
- אֶת־ (et) – Form: Direct object marker; Translation: (not translated); Notes: Marks the direct object of the verb.
- פְּנֵ֣י (pnei) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the presence of”; Notes: Refers to appearing before YHWH.
- יְהוָ֣ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the divine name of God.
- אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ (Elohekha) – Root: אלה (ʾeloh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Refers to the deity of the audience.
- בַּמָּקֹום֙ (ba-maqom) – Root: מקום (maqom); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “in the place”; Notes: Refers to the designated location for worship.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
- יִבְחָ֔ר (yivḥar) – Root: בחר (baḥar); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He chooses”; Notes: Refers to divine selection by YHWH.
- בְּחַ֧ג (be-ḥag) – Root: חגג (ḥagag); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “at the festival of”; Notes: Refers to specific religious celebrations.
- הַמַּצֹּ֛ות (ha-matzot) – Root: מצה (matzah); Form: Noun, feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “Matzot”; Notes: Refers to the Festival of Unleavened Bread.
- וּבְחַ֥ג (u-ve-ḥag) – Root: חגג (ḥagag); Form: Conjunction with noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “and at the festival of”; Notes: Introduces another festival.
- הַשָּׁבֻעֹ֖ות (ha-shavuʿot) – Root: שבע (shavaʿ); Form: Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “Shavuot”; Notes: Refers to the Festival of Weeks.
- וּבְחַ֣ג (u-ve-ḥag) – Root: חגג (ḥagag); Form: Conjunction with noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “and at the festival of”; Notes: Introduces the final festival.
- הַסֻּכֹּ֑ות (ha-sukkot) – Root: סכה (sukkah); Form: Noun, feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “Sukkot”; Notes: Refers to the Festival of Booths.
- וְלֹ֧א (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction with negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Indicates prohibition.
- יֵרָאֶ֛ה (ye-raʾeh) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall appear”; Notes: Refers to the act of presenting oneself.
- אֶת־ (et) – Form: Direct object marker; Translation: (not translated); Notes: Marks the direct object of the verb.
- פְּנֵ֥י (pnei) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the presence of”; Notes: Refers to appearing before YHWH.
- יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the divine name of God.
- רֵיקָֽם׃ (reiqam) – Root: ריק (reiq); Form: Adverb; Translation: “empty-handed”; Notes: Refers to the prohibition against appearing without an offering.