וַיְכַ֞ס אֶת־עֵ֣ין כָּל־הָאָרֶץ֮ וַתֶּחְשַׁ֣ךְ הָאָרֶץ֒ וַיֹּ֜אכַל אֶת־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב הָאָ֗רֶץ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־פְּרִ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֹותִ֖יר הַבָּרָ֑ד וְלֹא־נֹותַ֨ר כָּל־יֶ֧רֶק בָּעֵ֛ץ וּבְעֵ֥שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
And it covered the surface of the whole land, and the land was darkened. And it ate every plant of the land and all the fruit of the trees that the hail had left. And there was no green thing left on the trees or on the plants of the field throughout all the land of Mitsrayim.
Morphology
- וַיְכַ֞ס (vaykhas) – Root: כסה (k-s-h); Form: Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And it covered”; Notes: Refers to the locusts covering the land.
- אֶת־עֵ֣ין (et-ʿein) – Root: עין (ʿ-y-n); Form: Direct object marker + Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “The surface of”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to the visible surface.
- כָּל־הָאָרֶץ֮ (kol-haʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct + Definite article; Translation: “The whole land”; Notes: Refers to the entirety of Egypt.
- וַתֶּחְשַׁ֣ךְ (vateḥshakh) – Root: חשך (ḥ-sh-k); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3fs with vav consecutive; Translation: “And it was darkened”; Notes: Indicates the obscuring of light by the locusts.
- הָאָרֶץ֒ (haʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “The land”; Notes: Refers to Egypt.
- וַיֹּ֜אכַל (vayyoʾkhal) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And it ate”; Notes: Refers to the locusts consuming vegetation.
- אֶת־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב (et-kol-ʿesev) – Root: עשב (ʿ-s-b); Form: Direct object marker + Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “Every plant of”; Notes: Refers to vegetation.
- הָאָ֗רֶץ (haʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “The land”; Notes: Specifies Egypt.
- וְאֵת֙ (veʾet) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction + Direct object marker; Translation: “And”; Notes: Connects objects of the verb.
- כָּל־פְּרִ֣י (kol-peri) – Root: פרי (p-r-y); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “All the fruit of”; Notes: Refers to the produce of the trees.
- הָעֵ֔ץ (haʿets) – Root: עץ (ʿ-ts); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The trees”; Notes: Specifies the trees of Egypt.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (ʾasher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “That”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- הֹותִ֖יר (hotir) – Root: יתר (y-t-r); Form: Verb, Hifil, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “Had left”; Notes: Refers to the remnants after the hail.
- הַבָּרָ֑ד (habarad) – Root: ברד (b-r-d); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The hail”; Notes: Refers to the previous plague.
- וְלֹא־נֹותַ֨ר (velo-notar) – Root: יתר (y-t-r); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Nifal, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And there was no [thing] left”; Notes: Denies any remaining vegetation.
- כָּל־יֶ֧רֶק (kol-yereq) – Root: ירק (y-r-q); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “Any green thing of”; Notes: Refers to any vegetation.
- בָּעֵ֛ץ (baʿets) – Root: עץ (ʿ-ts); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “On the trees”; Notes: Specifies location.
- וּבְעֵ֥שֶׂב (uvaʿesev) – Root: עשב (ʿ-s-b); Form: Conjunction + Preposition + Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Or on the plants of”; Notes: Refers to ground-level vegetation.
- הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה (hasadeh) – Root: שדה (s-d-h); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The field”; Notes: Refers to the open fields of Egypt.
- בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ (bekhol-erets) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “Throughout all the land of”; Notes: Emphasizes the widespread devastation.
- מִצְרָֽיִם׃ (mitsrayim) – Root: מצר (m-ts-r); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Egypt”; Notes: Specifies the affected region.