Exodus 21:19

אִם־יָק֞וּם וְהִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ בַּח֛וּץ עַל־מִשְׁעַנְתֹּ֖ו וְנִקָּ֣ה הַמַּכֶּ֑ה רַ֥ק שִׁבְתֹּ֛ו יִתֵּ֖ן וְרַפֹּ֥א יְרַפֵּֽא׃ ס

If he rises and walks outside on his staff, then the one who struck him shall be cleared; only he shall pay for his loss of time and shall provide for his healing.

 

Morphology

  1. אִם־יָק֞וּם (im-yaqum) – Root: קום (q-w-m); Form: Conditional particle + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “If he rises”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause indicating recovery.
  2. וְהִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ (ve-hit’halekh) – Root: הלך (h-l-k); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Hitpael, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And walks”; Notes: Reflects active movement with effort.
  3. בַּח֛וּץ (ba-ḥuts) – Root: חוץ (ḥ-w-ts); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Outside”; Notes: Specifies location.
  4. עַל־מִשְׁעַנְתֹּ֖ו (ʿal-mishʿanto) – Root: שען (sh-ʿ-n); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular construct + 3ms suffix; Translation: “On his staff”; Notes: Indicates reliance on support for walking.
  5. וְנִקָּ֣ה (ve-niqqa) – Root: נקה (n-q-h); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Nifal, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “Shall be cleared”; Notes: Indicates the exoneration of the striker.
  6. הַמַּכֶּ֑ה (ha-makkeh) – Root: נכה (n-k-h); Form: Definite article + Participle, Hifil, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “The one who struck”; Notes: Refers to the offender.
  7. רַ֥ק (raq) – Root: N/A; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Only”; Notes: Limits the conditions of the law.
  8. שִׁבְתֹּ֛ו (shivto) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct + 3ms suffix; Translation: “His loss of time”; Notes: Refers to lost work time.
  9. יִתֵּ֖ן (yitten) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “He shall pay”; Notes: Specifies financial restitution.
  10. וְרַפֹּ֥א (ve-rapo) – Root: רפא (r-p-ʾ); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Imperative, 3ms; Translation: “And he shall heal”; Notes: Obligates the striker to ensure medical care.
  11. יְרַפֵּֽא׃ (yerappe) – Root: רפא (r-p-ʾ); Form: Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “He shall fully heal”; Notes: Emphasizes complete responsibility for recovery.

 

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