Exodus 23:9

וְגֵ֖ר לֹ֣א תִלְחָ֑ץ וְאַתֶּ֗ם יְדַעְתֶּם֙ אֶת־נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַגֵּ֔ר כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

And you shall not oppress a foreigner, for you know the soul of the foreigner, since you were foreigners in the land of Mitsrayim.

Morphology

1. וְגֵ֖ר (veger) – Root: גור (g-w-r); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “And a foreigner”; Notes: Refers to a non-native resident living among the Israelites.
2. לֹ֣א תִלְחָ֑ץ (lo tilḥatz) – Root: לחץ (l-ḥ-ts); Form: Negative particle + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2ms; Translation: “You shall not oppress”; Notes: Prohibition against mistreating or exploiting foreigners.
3. וְאַתֶּ֗ם (ve’atem) – Root: אתם (ʾ-t-m); Form: Conjunction + Pronoun, 2mp; Translation: “And you”; Notes: Emphasizes the audience being addressed.
4. יְדַעְתֶּם֙ (yedaʿtem) – Root: ידע (y-d-ʿ); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2mp; Translation: “You know”; Notes: Refers to experiential knowledge of oppression.
5. אֶת־נֶ֣פֶשׁ (ʾet-nefesh) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Direct object marker + Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “The soul of”; Notes: Refers to the inner being or experience.
6. הַגֵּ֔ר (hager) – Root: גור (g-w-r); Form: Definite article + Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “The foreigner”; Notes: Refers specifically to a non-Israelite resident.
7. כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים (ki-gerim) – Root: גור (g-w-r); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “For foreigners”; Notes: Explains the reason for the command.
8. הֱיִיתֶ֖ם (heyitem) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2mp; Translation: “You were”; Notes: Refers to their past condition in Mitsrayim.
9. בְּאֶ֥רֶץ (be’eretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “In the land of”; Notes: Refers to Mitsrayim as the place of residence.
10. מִצְרָֽיִם׃ (Mitsrayim) – Root: מצר (m-ts-r); Form: Proper noun, dual form; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt, where the Israelites were enslaved.