כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בְּזֹ֣את תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֖י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י מַכֶּ֣ה בַּמַּטֶּ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָדִ֗י עַל־הַמַּ֛יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּיְאֹ֖ר וְנֶהֶפְכ֥וּ לְדָֽם׃
Thus says YHWH, “By this you shall know that I am YHWH. Behold, I will strike with the staff that is in my hand upon the waters that are in the River (Nile), and they shall be turned to blood.
Morphology
- כֹּ֚ה (ko) – Root: N/A; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces a direct quotation or proclamation.
- אָמַ֣ר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “Said”; Notes: Refers to YHWH speaking.
- יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, God’s covenantal name.
- בְּזֹ֣את (bezot) – Root: זה (z-h); Form: Preposition + demonstrative pronoun, fs; Translation: “By this”; Notes: Refers to the forthcoming sign or action.
- תֵּדַ֔ע (tedaʿ) – Root: ידע (y-d-ʿ); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2ms; Translation: “You shall know”; Notes: Expresses a future certainty.
- כִּ֖י (ki) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “That”; Notes: Introduces a reason or result.
- אֲנִ֣י (ani) – Root: N/A; Form: Pronoun, 1cs; Translation: “I”; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
- יְהוָ֑ה (YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- הִנֵּ֨ה (hinneh) – Root: N/A; Form: Interjection; Translation: “Behold”; Notes: Draws attention to the action to follow.
- אָנֹכִ֜י (anokhi) – Root: N/A; Form: Pronoun, 1cs; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphatic personal pronoun.
- מַכֶּ֣ה (makkeh) – Root: נכה (n-k-h); Form: Verb, Hifil, Participle, ms; Translation: “Am striking”; Notes: Indicates an ongoing action.
- בַּמַּטֶּ֣ה (bammatteh) – Root: מטה (m-t-h); Form: Noun, ms with definite article; Translation: “With the staff”; Notes: Refers to the rod held by Moses or Aaron.
- אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָדִ֗י (asher-beyadi) – Root: יד (y-d); Form: Relative pronoun + noun, fs with 1cs suffix; Translation: “That is in my hand”; Notes: Indicates possession or control.
- עַל־הַמַּ֛יִם (ʿal-hammayim) – Root: מים (m-y-m); Form: Noun, mp with definite article; Translation: “Upon the waters”; Notes: Refers to the Nile River.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּיְאֹ֖ר (asher bayʾor) – Root: יאור (y-ʾ-r); Form: Relative pronoun + noun, ms with definite article; Translation: “That are in the Nile”; Notes: Specifies the location of the waters.
- וְנֶהֶפְכ֥וּ (venehefkhu) – Root: הפך (h-p-k); Form: Verb, Nifal, Perfect, 3mp with vav consecutive; Translation: “And they shall be turned”; Notes: Indicates a passive transformation.
- לְדָֽם׃ (ledam) – Root: דם (d-m); Form: Noun, ms; Translation: “To blood”; Notes: Refers to the first plague.