Ezekiel 2:10

וַיִּפְרֹ֤שׂ אֹותָהּ֙ לְפָנַ֔י וְהִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה פָּנִ֣ים וְאָחֹ֑ור וְכָת֣וּב אֵלֶ֔יהָ קִנִ֥ים וָהֶ֖גֶה וָהִֽי׃ ס

And he spread it out before me, and it was written on the front and on the back, and there was written on it lamentations and mourning and woe.

Morphology

1. וַיִּפְרֹשׂ (va-yifros) – Root: פרשׂ; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he spread out”; Notes: Describes the action of unrolling or unfolding the scroll.
2. אֹותָהּ (otah) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “it/her”; Notes: Refers to the scroll (feminine noun).
3. לְפָנַי (le-fanai) – Root: פנה; Form: Preposition ל + noun masculine plural construct + 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “before me”; Notes: Indicates Ezekiel as the recipient of the vision.
4. וְהִיא (ve-hi) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun feminine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and it was”; Notes: Feminine pronoun refers back to the scroll.
5. כְתוּבָה (ketuvah) – Root: כתב; Form: Qal passive participle feminine singular; Translation: “written”; Notes: Describes the scroll as already inscribed.
6. פָּנִים (panim) – Root: פנה; Form: Noun masculine plural (plural of respect, can be singular); Translation: “front”; Notes: Here meaning the front side of the scroll.
7. וְאָחֹור (ve-ʾaḥor) – Root: אחור; Form: Conjunction ו + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and back”; Notes: Indicates writing on both sides, unusual for scrolls.
8. וְכָתוּב (ve-katuv) – Root: כתב; Form: Qal passive participle masculine singular; Translation: “and written”; Notes: Repetition emphasizes inscription.
9. אֵלֶיהָ (eleha) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition אֶל + third person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “on it”; Notes: Refers again to the scroll.
10. קִנִים (qinim) – Root: קונ; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “lamentations”; Notes: Expressions of grief, mourning poetry.
11. וָהֶגֶה (va-hegeh) – Root: הגה; Form: Conjunction ו + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and mourning”; Notes: Utterances of grief or groaning.
12. וָהִי (va-hi) – Root: הוי; Form: Conjunction ו + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and woe”; Notes: An exclamation of calamity or doom.