עַד־אָ֧נָה יְהוָ֛ה שִׁוַּ֖עְתִּי וְלֹ֣א תִשְׁמָ֑ע אֶזְעַ֥ק אֵלֶ֛יךָ חָמָ֖ס וְלֹ֥א תֹושִֽׁיעַ׃
Until when, YHWH, I cried out and you do not hear; I cry out to you “Violence” and you do not save.
Morphology
- עַד־ (ʿad) – Root: עד (ʿad); Form: Preposition; Translation: “until”; Notes: Sets the temporal framework of the prophet’s complaint.
- אָ֧נָה (ʾanah) – Root: אנא (ʾanah); Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “how long”; Notes: Expresses lamentation and prolonged suffering.
- יְהוָ֛ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of Israel’s God.
- שִׁוַּ֖עְתִּי (shivvaʿti) – Root: שׁוע (shavaʿ); Form: Piel perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I cried out”; Notes: Piel emphasizes intensity of the plea.
- וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Connects the complaint with negation of response.
- תִשְׁמָ֑ע (tishmaʿ) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you hear”; Notes: Imperfect indicates ongoing failure to respond.
- אֶזְעַ֥ק (ʾezʿaq) – Root: זעק (zaʿaq); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I cry out”; Notes: Expresses repeated or ongoing cries for help.
- אֵלֶ֛יךָ (ʾeilekha) – Root: אל (ʾal); Form: Preposition אֶל + suffix 2ms; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Directs the lament exclusively toward YHWH.
- חָמָ֖ס (ḥamas) – Root: חמס (ḥamas); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “violence”; Notes: A cry naming the injustice being witnessed.
- וְלֹ֥א (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Parallel to the earlier negation, heightening the lament.
- תֹושִֽׁיעַ (toshiaʿ) – Root: ישע (yashaʿ); Form: Hifil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you save”; Notes: Hifil conveys causative action, indicating YHWH’s expected intervention that is not occurring.