Hosea 7:7

כֻּלָּ֤ם יֵחַ֨מּוּ֙ כַּתַּנּ֔וּר וְאָכְל֖וּ אֶת־שֹֽׁפְטֵיהֶ֑ם כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶ֣ם נָפָ֔לוּ אֵין־קֹרֵ֥א בָהֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃

All of them are hot like an oven, and they have devoured their judges; all their kings have fallen, there is none among them who calls to Me.

Morphology

1. כֻּלָּם (kullam) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + suffix 3mp; Translation: “all of them”; Notes: Refers collectively to the people of Yisraʾel.
2. יֵחַמּוּ (yeḥammu) – Root: חמם (ḥamam); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they grow hot”; Notes: Describes the inflamed state of passion or rebellion within them.
3. כַתַּנּוּר (ka-tannur) – Root: תנר (tannur); Form: Preposition כְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “like an oven”; Notes: Simile expressing unrestrained inner heat or fury.
4. וְאָכְלוּ (ve-ʾakhelu) – Root: אכל (ʾakhal); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they have devoured”; Notes: Figurative language for destroying or consuming through violence and intrigue.
5. אֶת־שֹׁפְטֵיהֶם (ʾet-shofeteihem) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Direct object marker אֶת + noun masculine plural construct + suffix 3mp; Translation: “their judges”; Notes: Indicates their rulers or leaders, symbolically devoured through conspiracy.
6. כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶם (kol-malkheihem) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine plural + suffix 3mp; Translation: “all their kings”; Notes: Refers to the successive monarchs of Yisraʾel who perished due to internal betrayal.
7. נָפָלוּ (nafelu) – Root: נפל (nafal); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “have fallen”; Notes: Describes the downfall or death of kings, implying divine judgment.
8. אֵין (ʾein) – Root: אין (ʾein); Form: Particle of negation/existence; Translation: “there is none”; Notes: Denies existence or presence of anyone fulfilling a specific role.
9. קֹרֵא (qoreʾ) – Root: קרא (qaraʾ); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “calling”; Notes: Refers to an ongoing or habitual act — none habitually call upon YHWH.
10. בָהֶם (vahem) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Preposition בְּ + pronoun 3mp; Translation: “among them”; Notes: Expresses absence within the group — none of them seek YHWH.
11. אֵלָי (ʾelay) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition אֶל + suffix 1cs; Translation: “to Me”; Notes: Indicates direct address toward YHWH, emphasizing relational estrangement.