Isaiah 5:3

וְעַתָּ֛ה יֹושֵׁ֥ב יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֑ה שִׁפְטוּ־נָ֕א בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵ֥ין כַּרְמִֽי׃

And now, inhabitant of Yerushalayim and man of Yehuda, judge, please, between Me and My vineyard.

Morphology

1. וְעַתָּה (ve-ʿattah) – Root: עת (ʿet); Form: Conjunction וְ + adverb; Translation: “And now”; Notes: Transitional phrase signaling a call to action or reflection.
2. יֹושֵׁב (yoshev) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “inhabitant”; Notes: Refers to one who dwells or resides, addressing the people of Yerushalayim.
3. יְרוּשָׁלִַם (Yerushalayim) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: The capital city, representing its people.
4. וְאִישׁ (ve-ish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and man”; Notes: Parallel structure, introducing the second addressee.
5. יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the kingdom or tribe of Judah.
6. שִׁפְטוּ־נָא (shiftu-na) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural + enclitic particle נָא; Translation: “judge, please”; Notes: Call for a verdict or evaluation with an added polite entreaty.
7. בֵּינִי (beini) – Root: בין (bein); Form: Preposition + 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “between Me”; Notes: YHWH is speaking, requesting judgment involving Himself.
8. וּבֵין (u-vein) – Root: בין (bein); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition; Translation: “and between”; Notes: Continues the comparative phrase.
9. כַּרְמִי (karmi) – Root: כרם (kerem); Form: Noun masculine singular with 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “My vineyard”; Notes: Refers back to the allegorical vineyard representing Yisraʾel.