כִּ֣י רֹ֤אשׁ אֲרָם֙ דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק וְרֹ֥אשׁ דַּמֶּ֖שֶׂק רְצִ֑ין וּבְעֹ֗וד שִׁשִּׁ֤ים וְחָמֵשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה יֵחַ֥ת אֶפְרַ֖יִם מֵעָֽם׃
For the head of Aram is Dammeseq, and the head of Dammeseq is Retsin; and within sixty and five years Efrayim shall be shattered from being a people.
Morphology
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces an explanation or reason.
- רֹ֤אשׁ (roʾsh) – Root: ראש (roʾsh); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “head of”; Notes: Refers to the capital or ruler.
- אֲרָם (Aram) – Root: ארם (Aram); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Aram”; Notes: The nation with its capital Dammeseq.
- דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק (Dammeseq) – Root: דמשק (Dammeseq); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dammeseq”; Notes: Capital city of Aram.
- וְרֹ֥אשׁ (ve-roʾsh) – Root: ראש (roʾsh); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and the head of”; Notes: Repeats the parallel structure.
- דַּמֶּ֖שֶׂק (Dammeseq) – Root: דמשק (Dammeseq); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dammeseq”; Notes: City again serving as subject of the next clause.
- רְצִ֑ין (Retsin) – Root: רצין (Retsin); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Retsin”; Notes: King ruling in Dammeseq.
- וּבְעֹ֗וד (u-veʿod) – Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and within”; Notes: Introduces a time frame.
- שִׁשִּׁ֤ים (shishim) – Root: שׁשׁ (shesh); Form: Number, masculine plural; Translation: “sixty”; Notes: First part of time expression.
- וְחָמֵשׁ֙ (ve-ḥamesh) – Root: חמש (ḥamesh); Form: Conjunction + number feminine singular; Translation: “and five”; Notes: Together with shishim forms “sixty-five.”
- שָׁנָ֔ה (shanah) – Root: שנה (shanah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “years”; Notes: Completes the time period expression.
- יֵחַ֥ת (yeḥat) – Root: חתת (ḥatat); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall be shattered”; Notes: Predicts the downfall of Efrayim.
- אֶפְרַ֖יִם (Efrayim) – Root: אפרים (Efrayim); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Efrayim”; Notes: Symbolic of the northern kingdom of Yisraʾel.
- מֵעָֽם (me-ʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from being a people”; Notes: Indicates national obliteration or exile.