וַיְהִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֶת־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖רֶשׁ אֶת־הָהָ֑ר כִּ֣י לֹ֤א לְהֹורִישׁ֙ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָעֵ֔מֶק כִּי־רֶ֥כֶב בַּרְזֶ֖ל לָהֶֽם׃
And YHWH was with Yehuda, and he took possession of the hill country, but he could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had iron chariots.
Morphology
- וַיְהִ֤י (vayehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he was”; Notes: Indicates presence or accompaniment.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name.
- אֶת־יְהוּדָ֔ה (et-Yehudah) – Root: יהודה (Yehudah); Form: Proper noun with direct object marker; Translation: “with Yehudah”; Notes: Indicates divine favor.
- וַיֹּ֖רֶשׁ (vayyoresh) – Root: ירש (yarash); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he took possession”; Notes: Refers to conquest.
- אֶת־הָהָ֑ר (et-ha-har) – Root: הר (har); Form: Noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “the hill country”; Notes: Specifies the region taken.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “but”; Notes: Indicates contrast.
- לֹ֤א לְהֹורִישׁ֙ (lo lehorish) – Root: ירש (yarash); Form: Negative particle with Hifil infinitive construct; Translation: “he could not drive out”; Notes: Expresses inability.
- אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י (et-yoshvei) – Root: ישב (yashav); Form: Qal participle, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the inhabitants of”; Notes: Describes ongoing settlement.
- הָעֵ֔מֶק (ha-ʿemeq) – Root: עמק (ʿemeq); Form: Noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “the valley”; Notes: Contrasts with the hill country.
- כִּי־רֶ֥כֶב (ki-rekhev) – Root: רכב (rekhev); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “because chariots”; Notes: Introduces the reason.
- בַּרְזֶ֖ל (barzel) – Root: ברזל (barzel); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “iron”; Notes: Describes the material of the chariots.
- לָהֶֽם׃ (lahem) – Root: להם (lahem); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “for them”; Notes: Indicates possession.