Judges 1:8

וַיִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ אֹותָ֔הּ וַיַּכּ֖וּהָ לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וְאֶת־הָעִ֖יר שִׁלְּח֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃

And the sons of Yehuda fought against Yerushalayim, and they captured it, and they struck it with the edge of the sword, and they set the city on fire.

Morphology

1. וַיִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ (vayyillaḥamu) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Nifal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they fought”; Notes: Reflexive form indicating engagement in battle.
2. בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה֙ (bene-Yehudah) – Root: בן (ben), יהודה (Yehudah); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with proper noun; Translation: “The sons of Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the tribe of Yehudah.
3. בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם (bi-Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלם (Yerushalayim); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “against Yerushalayim”; Notes: The city of Jerusalem.
4. וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ (vayyilkedu) – Root: לכד (lakad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they captured”; Notes: Indicates conquest.
5. אֹותָ֔הּ (otah) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Definite direct object marker with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers to Yerushalayim.
6. וַיַּכּ֖וּהָ (vayyakkuha) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “And they struck it”; Notes: Describes destruction.
7. לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב (lefi-ḥarev) – Root: פה (peh), חרב (ḥarev); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with noun; Translation: “with the edge of the sword”; Notes: Indicates the method of attack.
8. וְאֶת־הָעִ֖יר (ve-et-haʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Noun, feminine singular definite; Translation: “and the city”; Notes: Refers again to Yerushalayim.
9. שִׁלְּח֥וּ (shilleḥu) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they set on fire”; Notes: Denotes complete destruction.
10. בָאֵֽשׁ׃ (ba-esh) – Root: אש (esh); Form: Noun, feminine singular with preposition; Translation: “with fire”; Notes: Describes the means of destruction.