וַיַּעַבְד֤וּ הָעָם֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהֹושֻׁ֑עַ וְכֹ֣ל יְמֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהֹושׁ֔וּעַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָא֗וּ אֵ֣ת כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ הַגָּדֹ֔ול אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And the people served YHWH all the days of Yehoshua, and all the days of the elders who lived many days after Yehoshua, who had seen all the great work of YHWH which He had done for Yisraʾel.
Morphology
- וַיַּעַבְד֤וּ (vayyaʿavdu) – Root: עבד (ʿavad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they served”; Notes: Refers to the people’s devotion to YHWH.
- הָעָם֙ (ha-ʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “the people”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Yisraʾel.
- אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה (et-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun with direct object marker; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Indicates YHWH as the object of service.
- כֹּ֖ל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “all”; Notes: Emphasizes totality.
- יְמֵ֣י (yemei) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the days of”; Notes: Indicates duration.
- יְהֹושֻׁ֑עַ (Yehoshua) – Root: יהושע (Yehoshua); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehoshua”; Notes: Refers to Joshua.
- וְכֹ֣ל (ve-kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “and all”; Notes: Continues the statement about duration.
- יְמֵ֣י (yemei) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the days of”; Notes: Indicates the lifespan of another group.
- הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים (ha-zekenim) – Root: זקן (zaqen); Form: Noun, masculine plural definite; Translation: “the elders”; Notes: Refers to the leaders of Yisraʾel.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a defining clause.
- הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ (heʾerikhu) – Root: ארך (ʾarak); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “lived long”; Notes: Describes the longevity of the elders.
- יָמִים֙ (yamim) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine plural absolute; Translation: “days”; Notes: Emphasizes extended time.
- אַחֲרֵ֣י (aḥarei) – Root: אחר (aḥar); Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Indicates chronological order.
- יְהֹושׁ֔וּעַ (Yehoshua) – Root: יהושע (Yehoshua); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehoshua”; Notes: Refers again to Joshua.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces another defining clause.
- רָא֗וּ (raʾu) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “saw”; Notes: Describes firsthand experience.
- אֵ֣ת (et) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: (not translated); Notes: Marks the following noun as the object.
- כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֤ה (kol-maʿaseh) – Root: מעשה (maʿaseh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “all the work of”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s deeds.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the deity.
- הַגָּדֹ֔ול (ha-gadol) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Adjective, masculine singular definite; Translation: “the great”; Notes: Describes the magnitude of YHWH’s work.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Connects to YHWH’s actions.
- עָשָׂ֖ה (ʿasah) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He did”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s mighty acts.
- לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (le-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “for Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation.