יֵעֹ֨ורוּ֙ וְיַעֲל֣וּ הַגֹּויִ֔ם אֶל־עֵ֖מֶק יְהֹֽושָׁפָ֑ט כִּ֣י שָׁ֗ם אֵשֵׁ֛ב לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת־כָּל־הַגֹּויִ֖ם מִסָּבִֽיב׃
Let the nations be roused and go up to the Valley of Yehoshafat, for there I will sit to judge all the nations round about.
Morphology
- יֵעֹ֨ורוּ֙ (yeʿoru) – Root: עור (ʿur); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural (jussive sense); Translation: “Let them be roused”; Notes: A call for the nations to awaken or stir themselves, anticipating divine judgment.
- וְיַעֲל֣וּ (ve-yaʿalu) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural (jussive sense); Translation: “and let them go up”; Notes: Indicates ascent or movement upward, often used for approaching a significant place, here the valley of judgment.
- הַגֹּויִ֔ם (ha-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the nations”; Notes: Refers to all foreign peoples summoned by YHWH for judgment.
- אֶל־עֵ֖מֶק (ʾel-ʿemeq) – Root: עמק (ʿemeq); Form: Preposition אֶל + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the valley”; Notes: Marks the direction toward the designated place of divine judgment.
- יְהֹֽושָׁפָ֑ט (Yehoshafat) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehoshafat”; Notes: Literally means “YHWH has judged”; possibly both a historical name and a symbolic designation for the place of God’s verdict.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason or explanation for the preceding command.
- שָׁ֗ם (sham) – Root: שם (sham); Form: Adverb of place; Translation: “there”; Notes: Specifies the location of divine action—the scene of YHWH’s judgment.
- אֵשֵׁ֛ב (ʾeshev) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I will sit”; Notes: Depicts YHWH assuming a seated position as judge, a symbol of authority and deliberation.
- לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט (lishpot) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to judge”; Notes: Expresses divine purpose—YHWH’s intention to render a judicial decision.
- אֶת־כָּל־הַגֹּויִ֖ם (ʾet-khol-ha-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Particle of direct object אֶת + noun masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “all the nations”; Notes: Specifies the object of YHWH’s judgment—the gathered nations.
- מִסָּבִֽיב׃ (missaviv) – Root: סביב (saviv); Form: Preposition מִן + adverb/noun; Translation: “from around”; Notes: Describes the surrounding nations encircling the land, emphasizing the total scope of judgment.