Malachi 2:11

בָּגְדָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וְתֹועֵבָ֛ה נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּבִירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּ֣י חִלֵּ֣ל יְהוּדָ֗ה קֹ֤דֶשׁ יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהֵ֔ב וּבָעַ֖ל בַּת־אֵ֥ל נֵכָֽר׃

Yehuda has dealt treacherously, and an abomination has been done in Yisraʾel and in Yerushalayim; for Yehuda has profaned the holiness of YHWH which He loves, and has married the daughter of a foreign god.

Morphology

1. בָּגְדָה (bagdah) – Root: בגד (bagad); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “has dealt treacherously”; Notes: Verb agrees grammatically with feminine subject יְהוּדָה.
2. יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) – Root: ידה (yadah); Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Judah”; Notes: Refers to the southern kingdom.
3. וְתֹועֵבָה (ve-toʿevah) – Root: תעב (taʿav); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “and an abomination”; Notes: Morally detestable act.
4. נֶעֶשְׂתָה (neʿesetah) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “has been done”; Notes: Passive form.
5. בְיִשְׂרָאֵל (ve-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Preposition בְּ + proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “in Yisraʾel”; Notes: Geographical scope.
6. וּבִירוּשָׁלִָם (u-vi-Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושׁלם (Yerushalayim); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition בְּ + proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “and in Yerushalayim”; Notes: Central sanctuary city.
7. כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces explanation.
8. חִלֵּל (ḥillel) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has profaned”; Notes: Intensive desecration.
9. יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) – Root: ידה (yadah); Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Judah”; Notes: Subject of חִלֵּל.
10. קֹדֶשׁ (qodesh) – Root: קדשׁ (qadash); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “the holiness of”; Notes: In construct with יְהוָה.
11. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name.
12. אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative particle; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
13. אָהֵב (ʾahev) – Root: אהב (ʾahav); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He loves”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s affection for holiness.
14. וּבָעַל (u-vaʿal) – Root: בעל (baʿal); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and has married”; Notes: Literally “has taken as wife.”
15. בַּת (bat) – Root: בת (bat); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “daughter of”; Notes: In construct with אֵל נֵכָר.
16. אֵל (ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “god”; Notes: Foreign deity.
17. נֵכָר (nekhar) – Root: נכר (nakhar); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “foreign”; Notes: Describes alien worship.