Joel 4:16 (Joel 3:16)

וַיהוָ֞ה מִצִּיֹּ֣ון יִשְׁאָ֗ג וּמִירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יִתֵּ֣ן קֹולֹ֔ו וְרָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיהוָה֙ מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה לְעַמֹּ֔ו וּמָעֹ֖וז לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

And YHWH will roar from Tsiyon and from Yerushalayim He will give His voice, and the heavens and the earth will quake; but YHWH is a refuge for His people and a stronghold for the sons of Yisraʾel.

Morphology

1. וַיהוָ֞ה (va-YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Conjunction וְ + proper noun divine name; Translation: “And YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of the God of Yisraʾel, acting as the subject of the prophetic action.
2. מִצִּיֹּ֣ון (mi-Tsiyon) – Root: ציון (Tsiyon); Form: Preposition מִן + proper noun; Translation: “from Tsiyon”; Notes: Indicates origin—YHWH’s roar arises from His holy mountain, representing His dwelling place and authority.
3. יִשְׁאָ֗ג (yishʾag) – Root: שׁאג (shaʾag); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “will roar”; Notes: Used metaphorically of a lion, expressing YHWH’s powerful voice in judgment.
4. וּמִירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ (u-mi-Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלים (Yerushalayim); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition מִן + proper noun; Translation: “and from Yerushalayim”; Notes: Indicates the parallel location of YHWH’s pronouncement, emphasizing His central presence in His holy city.
5. יִתֵּ֣ן (yitten) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He will give”; Notes: Here in the sense of “utter” or “cause to be heard,” referring to YHWH giving His powerful voice.
6. קֹולֹ֔ו (qolo) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “His voice”; Notes: Represents the thunderous proclamation of YHWH’s authority shaking creation.
7. וְרָעֲשׁ֖וּ (ve-raʿashu) – Root: רעשׁ (raʿash); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “and they will quake”; Notes: The verb conveys violent trembling, often used to describe cosmic upheaval during divine intervention.
8. שָׁמַ֣יִם (shamayim) – Root: שׁמי (shamay); Form: Noun masculine dual (plural in form); Translation: “heavens”; Notes: Represents the upper realm of creation responding to YHWH’s power.
9. וָאָ֑רֶץ (va-ʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the earth”; Notes: Completes the cosmic pair—heaven and earth—showing the universality of YHWH’s judgment.
10. וַֽיהוָה֙ (va-YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Conjunction וְ + proper noun divine name; Translation: “but YHWH”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis, shifting from divine judgment to divine protection.
11. מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה (maḥaseh) – Root: חסה (ḥasah); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a refuge”; Notes: A place of safety and protection, symbolizing divine shelter for His people.
12. לְעַמֹּ֔ו (le-ʿammo) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “for His people”; Notes: Indicates possession and covenantal relationship—YHWH’s protective care for His chosen nation.
13. וּמָעֹ֖וז (u-maʿoz) – Root: עוז (ʿoz); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and a stronghold”; Notes: Depicts YHWH as a defensive fortress or strength in times of adversity.
14. לִבְנֵ֥י (li-vnei) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “for the sons of”; Notes: Indicates those belonging to or descended from—used in covenantal identity.
15. יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the covenant people of YHWH, recipients of His protection and promise.