Joel 4:9 (Joel 3:9)

קִרְאוּ־זֹאת֙ בַּגֹּויִ֔ם קַדְּשׁ֖וּ מִלְחָמָ֑ה הָעִ֨ירוּ֙ הַגִּבֹּורִ֔ים יִגְּשׁ֣וּ יַֽעֲל֔וּ כֹּ֖ל אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃

Proclaim this among the nations, consecrate war, awaken the mighty men; let them draw near, let them come up, all the men of war.

Morphology

1. קִרְאוּ־ (kirʾu) – Root: קרא (qaraʾ); Form: Qal imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “Proclaim”; Notes: A command to announce a summons publicly, often used in prophetic contexts.
2. זֹאת֙ (zot) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Refers to the message or decree to be proclaimed.
3. בַּגֹּויִ֔ם (ba-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “among the nations”; Notes: The audience of the divine proclamation—foreign peoples are summoned.
4. קַדְּשׁ֖וּ (qaddeshu) – Root: קדשׁ (qadash); Form: Piel imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “consecrate”; Notes: Command to set apart or prepare for a sacred war, implying ritual or spiritual readiness.
5. מִלְחָמָ֑ה (milḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “war”; Notes: Denotes organized conflict or battle, here under divine sanction.
6. הָעִ֨ירוּ֙ (haʿiru) – Root: עור (ʿur); Form: Hiphil imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “awaken”; Notes: Call to rouse or stir up the warriors from inactivity to battle readiness.
7. הַגִּבֹּורִ֔ים (ha-gibborim) – Root: גבור (gibbor); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the mighty men”; Notes: Refers to skilled or valiant warriors being called to fight.
8. יִגְּשׁ֣וּ (yiggshu) – Root: נגשׁ (nagash); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “let them draw near”; Notes: Subjunctive sense—an invitation or command for warriors to advance.
9. יַֽעֲל֔וּ (yaʿalu) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “let them come up”; Notes: Expresses movement toward the battlefield or divine meeting place.
10. כֹּ֖ל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular (in construct); Translation: “all”; Notes: Serves as a collective quantifier including every participant in battle.
11. אַנְשֵׁ֥י (ʾanshei) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Construct plural of noun masculine; Translation: “men of”; Notes: Indicates belonging or association with warfare.
12. הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ (ha-milḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the war”; Notes: Refers specifically to the coming confrontation divinely ordained by YHWH.