Jeremiah 4:10

וָאֹמַ֞ר אֲהָ֣הּ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה אָכֵן֩ הַשֵּׁ֨א הִשֵּׁ֜אתָ לָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ וְלִירוּשָׁלִַ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר שָׁלֹ֖ום יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם וְנָגְעָ֥ה חֶ֖רֶב עַד־הַנָּֽפֶשׁ׃

And I said, “Ah, Lord YHWH! Surely, You have utterly deceived this people and Yerushalayim, saying, ‘Peace shall be for you,’ while the sword touches unto the soul.”

 

Morphology

  1. וָאֹמַ֞ר (va-omar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 1st person masculine singular; Translation: “And I said”; Notes: Introduces the prophet’s lament or protest.
  2. אֲהָ֣הּ (ʾahah) – Root: Interjection; Form: Exclamatory particle; Translation: “Ah!”; Notes: Expresses dismay or distress in prophetic speech.
  3. אֲדֹנָ֣י (ʾAdonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix (used as proper title); Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Reverent address to God.
  4. יְהוִ֗ה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Tetragrammaton, name of the God of Yisraʾel.
  5. אָכֵן֩ (ʾakhen) – Root: כן; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Surely” or “Indeed”; Notes: Emphasizes affirmation or realization.
  6. הַשֵּׁ֨א (hasheʾ) – Root: שׁאה (shaʾah); Form: Hifil infinitive absolute; Translation: “deceiving”; Notes: Emphatic form paired with the next verb for intensification.
  7. הִשֵּׁ֜אתָ (hishʾeta) – Root: שׁאה (shaʾah); Form: Hifil perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You have deceived”; Notes: Accusation of misleading or allowing a false sense of peace.
  8. לָעָ֤ם (la-ʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Preposition לְ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the people”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel or Yehudah.
  9. הַזֶּה (hazzeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative adjective masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Emphasizes specificity of the people being misled.
  10. וְלִירוּשָׁלִַ֣ם (ve-li-Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלים; Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition לְ + proper noun; Translation: “and to Yerushalayim”; Notes: Parallel object with “the people.”
  11. לֵאמֹ֔ר (lemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces reported speech.
  12. שָׁלֹ֖ום (shalom) – Root: שלם (shalom); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Peace”; Notes: Refers to a condition of safety or well-being.
  13. יִהְיֶ֣ה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: Future expectation — falsely promised.
  14. לָכֶ֑ם (lakhem) – Root: ל; Form: Preposition לְ + second person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “for you”; Notes: Directed at the people and Yerushalayim.
  15. וְנָגְעָ֥ה (ve-nagʿah) – Root: נגע (nagaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and it has touched”; Notes: Refers to the sword reaching its target.
  16. חֶ֖רֶב (ḥerev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a sword”; Notes: Symbol of judgment or destruction.
  17. עַד־הַנָּֽפֶשׁ (ʿad-ha-nefesh) – Root: נפש (nefesh); Form: Preposition עַד + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “unto the soul”; Notes: Implies total penetration — to the innermost being.

 

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