רָאִ֕יתִי וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל הַמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְכָל־עָרָ֗יו נִתְּצוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י חֲרֹ֥ון אַפֹּֽו׃ ס
I saw, and behold, the Karmel was a wilderness, and all its cities were broken down before YHWH, before the burning of His anger.
Morphology
- רָאִ֕יתִי (raʾiti) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I saw”; Notes: Introduces a visionary experience in the prophet’s speech.
- וְהִנֵּ֥ה (ve-hinneh) – Root: נה (hinneh); Form: Conjunction + interjection; Translation: “and behold”; Notes: Marks a dramatic shift or striking revelation in the vision.
- הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל (ha-Karmel) – Root: כרמל (Karmel); Form: Proper noun with definite article; Translation: “the Karmel”; Notes: A fertile region or mountain, here seen transformed into wasteland.
- הַמִּדְבָּ֑ר (ha-midbar) – Root: מדבר (midbar); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “a wilderness”; Notes: Appositional phrase: Karmel has become a desert.
- וְכָל־עָרָ֗יו (ve-khol-ʿarav) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and all its cities”; Notes: Refers to the urban centers associated with Karmel.
- נִתְּצוּ֙ (nittetsu) – Root: נתץ (natats); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “were broken down”; Notes: Nifal passive form indicating divine or external destruction.
- מִפְּנֵ֣י (mi-penei) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Preposition + construct form; Translation: “before”; Notes: Expresses causal or relational motion before a presence.
- יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hawah); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- מִפְּנֵ֖י (mi-penei) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Repeated preposition + construct form; Translation: “before”; Notes: Emphatic repetition highlighting the intensity of divine anger.
- חֲרֹ֥ון (ḥaron) – Root: חרה (ḥarah); Form: Noun masculine singular in construct; Translation: “burning”; Notes: Denotes fierce wrath or heat of anger.
- אַפֹּֽו (appo) – Root: אף (ʾaf); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His anger”; Notes: Figuratively refers to the face or nostrils flaring in rage, here denoting YHWH’s wrath.