Jeremiah 4:7

עָלָ֤ה אַרְיֵה֙ מִֽסֻּבְּכֹ֔ו וּמַשְׁחִ֣ית גֹּויִ֔ם נָסַ֖ע יָצָ֣א מִמְּקֹמֹ֑ו לָשׂ֤וּם אַרְצֵךְ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה עָרַ֥יִךְ תִּצֶּ֖ינָה מֵאֵ֥ין יֹושֵֽׁב׃

The lion has come up from his thicket, and the destroyer of nations has set out; he has gone out from his place to make your land a desolation; your cities shall be laid waste without inhabitant.

Morphology

1. עָלָ֤ה (ʿalah) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has come up”; Notes: Describes movement from a lower to higher position, metaphorically initiating attack.
2. אַרְיֵה (aryeh) – Root: ארי (ʾari); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “lion”; Notes: Metaphor for a fierce enemy or king.
3. מִֽסֻּבְּכֹ֔ו (mis-subbekho) – Root: סבך (savakh); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from his thicket”; Notes: Poetic image of a lurking predator emerging.
4. וּמַשְׁחִ֣ית (u-mashḥit) – Root: שׁחת (shakhat); Form: Piel participle masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and the destroyer”; Notes: Piel participle emphasizes ongoing or intense destruction.
5. גֹּויִ֔ם (goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “of nations”; Notes: Indicates the scope of devastation—multiple peoples.
6. נָסַ֖ע (nasaʿ) – Root: נסע (nasaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has set out”; Notes: Suggests movement or relocation with purpose.
7. יָצָ֣א (yatzaʾ) – Root: יצא (yatzaʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has gone out”; Notes: Reinforces the motion from original location toward target.
8. מִמְּקֹמֹ֑ו (mi-mekomo) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from his place”; Notes: Emphasizes origin of the invader.
9. לָשׂ֤וּם (lasum) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to make”; Notes: Purpose clause; verb meaning “to place” used idiomatically for causing a state.
10. אַרְצֵךְ (artzekh) – Root: ארץ (ʾaretz); Form: Noun feminine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your land”; Notes: Refers to the land of Yisraʾel or Yehudah.
11. לְשַׁמָּ֔ה (le-shammah) – Root: שׁמם (shamam); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “a desolation”; Notes: A state of utter ruin and emptiness.
12. עָרַ֥יִךְ (ʿarayikh) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Noun feminine plural with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your cities”; Notes: Refers to the urban centers of the land.
13. תִּצֶּ֖ינָה (titseyenah) – Root: יצא (yatzaʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural; Translation: “shall be laid waste” or “shall go out”; Notes: May imply evacuation or abandonment, parallel to desolation.
14. מֵאֵ֥ין (me-ein) – Root: אין (ʾayin); Form: Preposition מִן + negative existential noun; Translation: “without”; Notes: Denotes absence.
15. יֹושֵֽׁב (yoshev) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “inhabitant”; Notes: The cities are depopulated as a result of the devastation.