כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֔ות עֹולֵ֛ל יְעֹולְל֥וּ כַגֶּ֖פֶן שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הָשֵׁב֙ יָדְךָ֔ כְּבֹוצֵ֖ר עַל־סַלְסִלֹּֽות׃
Thus said YHWH of armies: “They shall glean thoroughly like a vine the remnant of Yisraʾel. Turn back your hand like a grape-gatherer over the tendrils.”
Morphology
- כֹּ֤ה (koh) – Root: Demonstrative particle; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces the words of YHWH.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as the speaker.
- יְהֹוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “of armies”; Notes: Title of YHWH as commander of heavenly or earthly forces.
- עֹולֵ֛ל (ʿolel) – Root: עולל; Form: Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “gleaning thoroughly”; Notes: Used for emphasis when paired with the finite verb that follows.
- יְעֹולְל֥וּ (yeʿolelu) – Root: עולל; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall glean”; Notes: Gleaning is the act of picking leftover grapes—here, an image of judgment or removal.
- כַגֶּ֖פֶן (ka-gefen) – Root: גפן; Form: Preposition כְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “like a vine”; Notes: Simile comparing the remnant of Yisraʾel to a vine being stripped.
- שְׁאֵרִ֣ית (sheʾerit) – Root: שׁאר; Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “remnant of”; Notes: Those left behind after judgment—often used in prophetic contexts.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The nation as a whole or what remains of it.
- הָשֵׁב (hashev) – Root: שׁוב; Form: Hifil imperative masculine singular; Translation: “Turn back”; Notes: Command to re-extend the hand for further gleaning; metaphor for thorough judgment.
- יָדְךָ (yadkha) – Root: יד; Form: Noun feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your hand”; Notes: Refers to the agent of action—perhaps the Babylonian invader or symbolic gleaner.
- כְּבֹוצֵ֖ר (ke-votser) – Root: בצר; Form: Preposition כְּ + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “like a grape-gatherer”; Notes: The image of one harvesting completely.
- עַל־סַלְסִלֹּֽות (ʿal-salsillot) – Root: סלל; Form: Preposition + noun feminine plural; Translation: “over the tendrils”; Notes: Refers to the vine’s offshoots, indicating complete harvesting even of the smallest parts.