וְכֹל֙ עָרֵ֣י הַמִּישֹׁ֔ר וְכָֽל־מַמְלְכ֗וּת סִיחֹון֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָלַ֖ךְ בְּחֶשְׁבֹּ֑ון אֲשֶׁר֩ הִכָּ֨ה מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֹתֹ֣ו וְאֶת־נְשִׂיאֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן אֶת־אֱוִ֤י וְאֶת־רֶ֨קֶם֙ וְאֶת־צ֤וּר וְאֶת־חוּר֙ וְאֶת־רֶ֔בַע נְסִיכֵ֣י סִיחֹ֔ון יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ׃
And all the cities of the plain and all the kingdom of Siḥon, king of the Emori, who reigned in Ḥeshbon, whom Moshe struck down, along with the chiefs of Midyan—Evi, Reqem, Tzur, Ḥur, and Reva, princes of Siḥon, inhabitants of the land.
Morphology
- וְכֹל֙ (ve-khol) – Root: כל (khl); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “and all”; Notes: A totalizing term.
- עָרֵ֣י (ʿarei) – Root: עיר (ʿyr); Form: Noun, feminine plural construct; Translation: “cities of”; Notes: Indicates possession.
- הַמִּישֹׁ֔ר (ha-mishor) – Root: מישר (myšr); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute, definite; Translation: “the plain”; Notes: Refers to the Jordanian plateau region.
- וְכָֽל־מַמְלְכ֗וּת (ve-khol-mamlekhut) – Root: מלך (mlk); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “and all the kingdom of”; Notes: Used for territorial rule.
- סִיחֹון֙ (Siḥon) – Root: סיחון (syḥwn); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Siḥon”; Notes: An Amorite king.
- מֶ֣לֶךְ (melekh) – Root: מלך (mlk); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “king”; Notes: Title of rulership.
- הָאֱמֹרִ֔י (ha-Emori) – Root: אמר (ʾmr); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute, definite; Translation: “the Amorite”; Notes: Refers to the Amorite people.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾšr); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- מָלַ֖ךְ (malakh) – Root: מלך (mlk); Form: Verb, Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “reigned”; Notes: Indicates kingship.
- בְּחֶשְׁבֹּ֑ון (be-Ḥeshbon) – Root: חשבון (ḥšbwn); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “in Ḥeshbon”; Notes: Amorite capital city.
- אֲשֶׁר֩ (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾšr); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- הִכָּ֨ה (hikkah) – Root: נכה (nkh); Form: Verb, Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “struck”; Notes: Causative action.
- מֹשֶׁ֜ה (Mosheh) – Root: משה (mšh); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Moshe”; Notes: Leader of Israel.
- אֹתֹ֣ו (oto) – Root: אות (ʾwt); Form: Direct object marker with pronominal suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “him”; Notes: Refers to Siḥon.
- וְאֶת־נְשִׂיאֵ֣י (ve-et-nesiʾei) – Root: נשא (nśʾ); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “and the chiefs of”; Notes: Indicates leadership roles.
- מִדְיָ֗ן (Midyan) – Root: מדין (mdyn); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Midyan”; Notes: A people group.
- אֶת־אֱוִ֤י (et-Evi) – Root: אוי (ʾwy); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Evi”; Notes: A Midianite leader.
- וְאֶת־רֶ֨קֶם֙ (ve-et-Rekem) – Root: רקם (rqm); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Rekem”; Notes: Another Midianite leader.
- וְאֶת־צ֤וּר (ve-et-Tzur) – Root: צור (ṣwr); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Tzur”; Notes: A prince of Midyan.
- וְאֶת־חוּר֙ (ve-et-Ḥur) – Root: חור (ḥwr); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Ḥur”; Notes: A Midianite leader.
- וְאֶת־רֶ֔בַע (ve-et-Reva) – Root: רבע (rbʿ); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Reva”; Notes: Another Midianite prince.
- נְסִיכֵ֣י (nesikhei) – Root: נסיך (nsikh); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “princes of”; Notes: Denotes rulers or leaders.
- סִיחֹ֔ון (Siḥon) – Root: סיחון (syḥwn); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Siḥon”; Notes: Refers to the Amorite king.
- יֹשְׁבֵ֖י (yoshvei) – Root: ישב (yšb); Form: Participle, Qal masculine plural construct; Translation: “inhabitants of”; Notes: Active participle indicating residency.
- הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾrṣ); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute, definite; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the territory under discussion.
Syntax Analysis
The verse follows a structured list format where the subject (“all the cities of the plain and all the kingdom of Siḥon”) is followed by descriptive clauses specifying the conquest led by Moshe. The construct state (e.g., “cities of the plain”) indicates possession, and the relative pronouns (“who reigned,” “whom Moshe struck”) introduce additional details about Siḥon and his kingdom.
Grammatical Analysis
The passage employs a mix of Qal and Hifil verbs to describe the actions of Moshe against Siḥon and the Midianite leaders. The perfect tense verbs (e.g., הִכָּ֨ה) narrate completed actions, while participles (e.g., יֹשְׁבֵ֖י) describe ongoing states or conditions. Proper nouns and construct phrases define the geographical and political setting.
Lexical Semantics
- מָלַ֖ךְ (malakh) – “reigned”: This verb indicates rulership or sovereignty, showing Siḥon as an established monarch.
- הִכָּ֨ה (hikkah) – “struck”: Used in the Hifil, implying that Moshe caused the defeat of Siḥon and his allies.
- נסיך (nesikh) – “prince”: Indicates a high-ranking official or ruler, often associated with tribal or regional governance.
- הָאָֽרֶץ (ha-aretz) – “the land”: Refers to the conquered territories.
Word Study
- סִיחֹון (Siḥon): This Amorite king is mentioned multiple times in the Torah as one who opposed Israel’s passage through his territory (Numbers 21:21-30). His defeat marked a significant victory for Israel.
- Midianite Leaders: Evi, Rekem, Tzur, Ḥur, and Reva are named as Midianite princes who were allied with Siḥon. Their deaths represent the dismantling of Siḥon’s support network.