Joshua 15:21

וַיִּֽהְי֣וּ הֶעָרִ֗ים מִקְצֵה֙ לְמַטֵּ֣ה בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֔ה אֶל־גְּב֥וּל אֱדֹ֖ום בַּנֶּ֑גְבָּה קַבְצְאֵ֥ל וְעֵ֖דֶר וְיָגֽוּר׃

And the cities at the extremity of the tribe of the sons of Yehuda toward the border of Edom in the Negev were Qavtseʾel, ʿEder, and Yagur.

Morphology

1. וַיִּֽהְי֣וּ (va-yehyu) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they were”; Notes: Refers to the designated cities.
2. הֶעָרִ֗ים (he-ʿarim) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Noun, feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “the cities”; Notes: Specifies urban settlements.
3. מִקְצֵה֙ (miqtseh) – Root: קצה (qatseh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “at the extremity of”; Notes: Indicates the outermost region.
4. לְמַטֵּ֣ה (le-matteh) – Root: מטה (matteh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “of the tribe of”; Notes: Refers to tribal divisions.
5. בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֔ה (Benei-Yehudah) – Root: יהודה (Yehudah); Form: Construct noun, masculine plural; Translation: “the sons of Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the tribe of Yehudah.
6. אֶל־גְּב֥וּל (el-gevul) – Root: גבול (gevul); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “toward the border of”; Notes: Specifies geographic location.
7. אֱדֹ֖ום (Edom) – Root: אדום (Edom); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Edom”; Notes: Refers to the territory of the Edomites.
8. בַּנֶּ֑גְבָּה (ba-Negevah) – Root: נגב (Negev); Form: Noun, masculine singular definite with directional suffix; Translation: “in the Negev”; Notes: Refers to the arid southern region.
9. קַבְצְאֵ֥ל (Qavtseʾel) – Root: קבצל (Qavtseʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Qavtseʾel”; Notes: Name of a city.
10. וְעֵ֖דֶר (ve-ʿEder) – Root: עדר (ʿEder); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “ʿEder”; Notes: Name of a city.
11. וְיָגֽוּר׃ (ve-Yagur) – Root: יגור (Yagur); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yagur”; Notes: Name of a city.