וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּ֞ר חֻקֹּ֣ות עָמְרִ֗י וְכֹל֙ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה בֵית־אַחְאָ֔ב וַתֵּלְכ֖וּ בְּמֹֽעֲצֹותָ֑ם לְמַעַן֩ תִּתִּ֨י אֹתְךָ֜ לְשַׁמָּ֗ה וְיֹשְׁבֶ֨יהָ֙ לִשְׁרֵקָ֔ה וְחֶרְפַּ֥ת עַמִּ֖י תִּשָּֽׂאוּ׃ פ
And the statutes of ʿOmri are kept, and all the deeds of the house of Aḥʾav, and you walk in their counsels, so that I give you for desolation and her inhabitants for a hissing, and the reproach of My people you shall bear.”
Morphology
- וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּר (ve-yishtammer) — Root: שׁמר (sh-m-r); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hitpael imperfect 3ms; Translation: “and is kept”; Notes: Reflexive/reciprocal sense—Israel preserves corrupt statutes.
- חֻקֹּות (ḥuqqot) — Root: חקק (ḥ-q-q); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “statutes”; Notes: Represents imposed legal or cultic practices.
- עָמְרִי (ʿOmri) — Root: עמרי (ʿOmri); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “ʿOmri”; Notes: King of Yisraʾel associated with wickedness.
- וְכֹל (ve-khol) — Root: כל (k-l); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun; Translation: “and all”; Notes: Expands the indictment to all actions.
- מַעֲשֵׂה (maʿaseh) — Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “deed of”; Notes: Broad term for actions or works.
- בֵית (beit) — Root: בית (b-y-t); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “house of”; Notes: Dynastic reference.
- אַחְאָב (Aḥʾav) — Root: אחאב (ʾ-ḥ-ʾ-v); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Aḥʾav”; Notes: Infamous king tied to idolatry and injustice.
- וַתֵּלְכוּ (va-telḵu) — Root: הלך (h-l-k); Form: Conjunction וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 2mp; Translation: “and you walked”; Notes: Denotes following corrupt patterns.
- בְּמֹעֲצֹותָם (be-moʿatsotam) — Root: עצה (ʿ-ṣ-h); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine plural construct + suffix 3mp; Translation: “in their counsels”; Notes: Israel adopts the political and spiritual strategies of wicked kings.
- לְמַעַן (le-maʿan) — Root: מען (m-ʿ-n); Form: Preposition לְ + particle; Translation: “so that”; Notes: Introduces purpose/result clause.
- תִּתִּי (titti) — Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Qal imperfect 1cs (with assimilation of נ); Translation: “I give”; Notes: YHWH’s active judgment.
- אֹתְךָ (otekha) — Root: את (ʾ-t); Form: Direct object marker + suffix 2ms; Translation: “you”; Notes: Refers to the nation.
- לְשַׁמָּה (le-shammah) — Root: שׁמם (sh-m-m); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for desolation”; Notes: Condition of devastation and horror.
- וְיֹשְׁבֶיהָ (ve-yoshveha) — Root: ישׁב (y-sh-v); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal participle masculine plural + suffix 3fs; Translation: “and her inhabitants”; Notes: Refers to residents of the land/city.
- לִשְׁרֵקָה (li-shreqah) — Root: שרק (sh-r-q); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for a hissing”; Notes: A sign of scorn from surrounding nations.
- וְחֶרְפַּת (ve-ḥerpatt) — Root: חרף (ḥ-r-p); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “and the reproach of”; Notes: Shame brought upon them.
- עַמִּי (ʿammi) — Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 1cs; Translation: “My people”; Notes: Covenant language emphasizing relationship despite judgment.
- תִּשָּׂאוּ (tissaʾu) — Root: נשא (n-s-ʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 2mp; Translation: “you shall bear”; Notes: Carrying the reproach as a consequence of disobedience.