וְהַנֶּ֜פֶשׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה בְּיָ֣ד רָמָ֗ה מִן־הָֽאֶזְרָח֙ וּמִן־הַגֵּ֔ר אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה ה֣וּא מְגַדֵּ֑ף וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽהּ׃
But the soul who acts defiantly, whether a native-born or a stranger, reviles YHWH, and that soul shall be cut off from among its people.
Morphology
- וְהַנֶּ֜פֶשׁ (ve-ha-nefesh) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Conjunction + definite singular noun; Translation: “But the soul”; Notes: Refers to an individual person.
- אֲשֶֽׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה (asher-ta’aseh) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Relative pronoun + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “Who acts”; Notes: Describes the action performed by the soul.
- בְּיָ֣ד רָמָ֗ה (be-yad ramah) – Root: יד (y-d) + רום (r-w-m); Form: Preposition + singular noun + singular adjective; Translation: “Defiantly”; Notes: Literally “with a high hand,” signifying deliberate defiance.
- מִן־הָֽאֶזְרָח֙ (min-ha-ezraḥ) – Root: זרח (z-r-ḥ); Form: Preposition + definite singular noun; Translation: “Whether a native-born”; Notes: Indicates an Israelite by birth.
- וּמִן־הַגֵּ֔ר (u-min-ha-ger) – Root: גור (g-w-r); Form: Conjunction + preposition + definite singular noun; Translation: “Or a stranger”; Notes: Refers to a foreigner dwelling among Yisra’el.
- אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה (et-YHWH) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Definite direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the divine name.
- ה֣וּא מְגַדֵּ֑ף (hu megadef) – Root: גדף (g-d-p); Form: Pronoun + Piel participle masculine singular; Translation: “He reviles”; Notes: Describes blasphemous behavior.
- וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה (ve-nikretah) – Root: כרת (k-r-t); Form: Niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “Shall be cut off”; Notes: Indicates divine punishment of exclusion.
- הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא (ha-nefesh ha-hi) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Definite singular noun + definite singular pronoun; Translation: “That soul”; Notes: Specifies the guilty individual.
- מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽהּ (mi-qerev ammāh) – Root: קרב (q-r-b) + עם (ʿ-m); Form: Preposition + singular noun construct + singular noun; Translation: “From among its people”; Notes: Refers to being cut off from the community.