מִיַּ֤יִן וְשֵׁכָר֙ יַזִּ֔יר חֹ֥מֶץ יַ֛יִן וְחֹ֥מֶץ שֵׁכָ֖ר לֹ֣א יִשְׁתֶּ֑ה וְכָל־מִשְׁרַ֤ת עֲנָבִים֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁתֶּ֔ה וַעֲנָבִ֛ים לַחִ֥ים וִיבֵשִׁ֖ים לֹ֥א יֹאכֵֽל׃
From wine and strong drink he shall abstain; vinegar of wine or vinegar of strong drink he shall not drink; and any infusion of grapes he shall not drink; neither fresh nor dried grapes shall he eat.
Morphology
- מִיַּ֤יִן (mi-yayin) – Root: יין (y-y-n); Form: Preposition + masculine singular noun; Translation: “From wine”; Notes: Indicates abstinence from wine as part of the Nazirite vow.
- וְשֵׁכָר֙ (ve-shekar) – Root: שכר (sh-k-r); Form: Conjunction + masculine singular noun; Translation: “And strong drink”; Notes: Refers to intoxicating beverages.
- יַזִּ֔יר (yazir) – Root: נזר (n-z-r); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall abstain”; Notes: Emphasizes the separation or dedication of the Nazirite.
- חֹ֥מֶץ (ḥometz) – Root: חמץ (ḥ-m-tz); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “Vinegar”; Notes: Refers to sour or fermented wine.
- יַ֛יִן (yayin) – Root: יין (y-y-n); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “Wine”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis on prohibition.
- וְחֹ֥מֶץ שֵׁכָ֖ר (ve-ḥometz shekar) – Root: חמץ (ḥ-m-tz), שכר (sh-k-r); Form: Conjunction + masculine singular nouns; Translation: “And vinegar of strong drink”; Notes: Includes fermented beverages from sources other than grapes.
- לֹ֣א יִשְׁתֶּ֑ה (lo yishteh) – Root: שתה (sh-t-h); Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall not drink”; Notes: A direct prohibition for the Nazirite.
- וְכָל־מִשְׁרַ֤ת (ve-khol-mishrat) – Root: שרא (sh-r-ʾ); Form: Conjunction + masculine singular construct noun; Translation: “And any infusion”; Notes: Refers to liquids steeped with grapes.
- עֲנָבִים֙ (anavim) – Root: ענב (ʿ-n-v); Form: Masculine plural noun; Translation: “Grapes”; Notes: Includes all forms of grapes.
- לֹ֣א יִשְׁתֶּ֔ה (lo yishteh) – Root: שתה (sh-t-h); Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall not drink”; Notes: Reiterates the prohibition.
- וַעֲנָבִ֛ים (va-anavim) – Root: ענב (ʿ-n-v); Form: Conjunction + masculine plural noun; Translation: “And grapes”; Notes: Emphasizes both fresh and dried grapes.
- לַחִ֥ים (lachim) – Root: לח (l-ḥ); Form: Masculine plural adjective; Translation: “Fresh”; Notes: Prohibits newly harvested grapes.
- וִיבֵשִׁ֖ים (vi-yveshim) – Root: יבש (y-v-sh); Form: Masculine plural adjective; Translation: “Dried”; Notes: Refers to raisins or dried grapes.
- לֹ֥א יֹאכֵֽל (lo yokhal) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall not eat”; Notes: Extends the restriction to consumption.