Zechariah 10:2

כִּ֧י הַתְּרָפִ֣ים דִּבְּרוּ־אָ֗וֶן וְהַקֹּֽוסְמִים֙ חָ֣זוּ שֶׁ֔קֶר וַֽחֲלֹמֹות֙ הַשָּׁ֣וא יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ הֶ֖בֶל יְנַֽחֵמ֑וּן עַל־כֵּן֙ נָסְע֣וּ כְמֹו־צֹ֔אן יַעֲנ֖וּ כִּֽי־אֵ֥ין רֹעֶֽה׃ פ

For the terafim have spoken iniquity, and the diviners have seen falsehood, and dreams of emptiness they speak; vanity they comfort with; therefore they wandered like a flock, they were afflicted because there is no shepherd.

Morphology

1. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the condition described.
2. הַתְּרָפִים (ha-terafim) – Root: תרף (teraf); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the teraphim”; Notes: Household idols associated with illicit divination.
3. דִּבְּרוּ־אָוֶן (dibberu-ʾaven) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural + noun masculine singular; Translation: “have spoken iniquity”; Notes: Emphasizes deliberate and deceitful speech.
4. וְהַקֹּסְמִים (ve-ha-qosəmim) – Root: קסם (qasam); Form: Conjunction וְ + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “and the diviners”; Notes: Practitioners of forbidden mantic arts.
5. חָזוּ (ḥazu) – Root: חזה (ḥazah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “have seen”; Notes: Claims of visionary insight.
6. שֶׁקֶר (sheqer) – Root: שׁקר (shaqar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “falsehood”; Notes: That which is deceptive and unreliable.
7. וַחֲלֹמוֹת (va-ḥalomot) – Root: חלם (ḥalam); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and dreams”; Notes: Refers to claimed revelatory experiences.
8. הַשָּׁוא (ha-shav) – Root: שׁוא (shav); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “of emptiness”; Notes: Characterizes the dreams as worthless.
9. יְדַבֵּרוּ (yedabberu) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they speak”; Notes: Repeated ongoing proclamation.
10. הֶבֶל (hevel) – Root: הבל (hevel); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “vanity”; Notes: Denotes emptiness and futility.
11. יְנַחֵמוּן (yenaḥemun) – Root: נחם (naḥam); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they comfort”; Notes: Comfort that is deceptive rather than healing.
12. עַל־כֵּן (ʿal-ken) – Root: כן (ken); Form: Preposition עַל + adverb; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Logical consequence marker.
13. נָסְעוּ (nasʿu) – Root: נסע (nasaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they wandered”; Notes: Describes disoriented movement.
14. כְמֹו־צֹאן (kemo-tson) – Root: צאן (tson); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun common singular; Translation: “like a flock”; Notes: Image of vulnerability and lack of guidance.
15. יַעֲנוּ (yaʿanu) – Root: ענה (ʿanah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they were afflicted”; Notes: Resulting distress from misguidance.
16. כִּי־אֵין (ki-ʾen) – Root: אין (ʾen); Form: Conjunction + negative existential particle; Translation: “because there is no”; Notes: Explains the root cause.
17. רֹעֶה (roʿeh) – Root: רעה (raʿah); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “shepherd”; Notes: Symbol of true leadership and guidance.