נְבִיאֶ֨יהָ֙ פֹּֽחֲזִ֔ים אַנְשֵׁ֖י בֹּֽגְדֹ֑ות כֹּהֲנֶ֨יהָ֙ חִלְּלוּ־קֹ֔דֶשׁ חָמְס֖וּ תֹּורָֽה׃
Her prophets are reckless, men of treacheries; her priests have profaned holiness, they have done violence to the Torah.
Morphology
- נְבִיאֶיהָ (neviʾeha) – Root: נבא (navaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + suffix 3fs; Translation: “her prophets”; Notes: Religious leaders expected to speak YHWH’s word.
- פֹּחֲזִים (poḥazim) – Root: פחז (paḥaz); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “reckless”; Notes: Conveys instability, rashness, moral volatility.
- אַנְשֵׁי (anshei) – Root: אישׁ (ish); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “men of”; Notes: Introduces the quality describing them.
- בֹּגְדֹות (bogedot) – Root: בגד (bagad); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “treacheries”; Notes: Indicates betrayal of trust, faithlessness.
- כֹּהֲנֶיהָ (kohaneha) – Root: כןה (kahan); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 3fs; Translation: “her priests”; Notes: Priestly class responsible for sacred duties.
- חִלְּלוּ (ḥillelu) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Piel perfect 3cp; Translation: “they have profaned”; Notes: Intensive action—treating the sacred as common.
- קֹדֶשׁ (qodesh) – Root: קדשׁ (qadash); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “holiness”; Notes: Refers to sacred things or holy space.
- חָמְסוּ (ḥamsu) – Root: חמס (ḥamas); Form: Qal perfect 3cp; Translation: “they have done violence to”; Notes: Often metaphorical for corrupting or perverting.
- תֹּורָה (torah) – Root: ירה (yarah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “the Torah”; Notes: Refers to divine instruction or law they have violated.