1 Kings 5:11 (1 Kings 4:31)

וַיֶּחְכַּם֮ מִכָּל־הָֽאָדָם֒ מֵאֵיתָ֣ן הָאֶזְרָחִ֗י וְהֵימָ֧ן וְכַלְכֹּ֛ל וְדַרְדַּ֖ע בְּנֵ֣י מָחֹ֑ול וַיְהִֽי־שְׁמֹ֥ו בְכָֽל־הַגֹּויִ֖ם סָבִֽיב׃

And he was wiser than all men, than Eitan the Ezraḥi, and Heman, and Kalkol, and Dardaʿ, the sons of Maḥol, and his name was in all the nations round about.

Morphology

1. וַיֶּחְכַּם֮ (va-yeḥkam) – Root: חכם; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he was wiser”; Notes: Refers to Shelomoh’s exceptional wisdom.
2. מִכָּל־הָֽאָדָם֒ (mi-kol ha-adam) – Root: אדם; Form: Preposition + construct noun + definite noun; Translation: “than all men”; Notes: Introduces comparative standard.
3. מֵאֵיתָ֣ן (me-Eitan) – Root: איתן; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “than Eitan”; Notes: A wise man of ancient renown.
4. הָאֶזְרָחִ֗י (ha-ʾEzraḥi) – Root: זרח; Form: Noun or gentilic adjective, masculine singular with article; Translation: “the Ezraḥi”; Notes: Possibly meaning “native-born,” a title or regional reference.
5. וְהֵימָ֧ן (ve-Heman) – Root: אמן; Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Heman”; Notes: Another famed wise man.
6. וְכַלְכֹּ֛ל (ve-Kalkol) – Root: Uncertain; Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Kalkol”; Notes: Name of a sage, possibly linked to ancient lore.
7. וְדַרְדַּ֖ע (ve-Dardaʿ) – Root: Uncertain; Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Dardaʿ”; Notes: Another known wise figure.
8. בְּנֵ֣י מָחֹ֑ול (bene Maḥol) – Root: בן, חול; Form: Construct chain; Translation: “sons of Maḥol”; Notes: Likely refers to a family or guild of sages.
9. וַיְהִֽי־שְׁמֹ֥ו (va-yehi shemo) – Root: היה, שם; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + noun with 3ms suffix; Translation: “and his name was”; Notes: Introduces the fame of Shelomoh.
10. בְכָֽל־הַגֹּויִ֖ם (ve-kol ha-goyim) – Root: גוי; Form: Preposition + construct noun + definite plural noun; Translation: “in all the nations”; Notes: Refers to widespread international recognition.
11. סָבִֽיב (saviv) – Root: סבב; Form: Adverb; Translation: “round about”; Notes: Indicates geographical scope of his reputation.