וַיְהִ֣י כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ וַיָּ֤לֶט פָּנָיו֙ בְּאַדַּרְתֹּ֔ו וַיֵּצֵ֕א וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖ד פֶּ֣תַח הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ קֹ֔ול וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַה־לְּךָ֥ פֹ֖ה אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃
And it came to pass when Eliyyahu heard, that he wrapped his face in his cloak, and he went out and stood at the entrance of the cave. And behold, a voice came to him and said, “What are you doing here, Eliyyahu?”
Morphology
- וַיְהִי (va-yehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Introduces a new narrative development.
- כִּשְׁמֹעַ (ki-shmoaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Preposition כִּ with Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “when [he] heard”; Notes: Temporal clause marking when the action occurs.
- אֵלִיָּהוּ (Eliyyahu) – Root: אליהו (Eliyyahu); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Eliyyahu”; Notes: Refers to the prophet Elijah.
- וַיָּלֶט (va-yalet) – Root: לטט (latat/latat); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he wrapped”; Notes: Expresses protective or reverent action covering his face.
- פָּנָיו (panav) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Noun, plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his face”; Notes: פנים is always grammatically plural in Hebrew but can refer to a single face.
- בְּאַדַּרְתֹּו (be-addarto) – Root: אדרת (ʾaderet); Form: Preposition ב with noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in his cloak”; Notes: Indicates the garment used to cover his face.
- וַיֵּצֵא (va-yetse) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he went out”; Notes: Continues narrative progression.
- וַיַּעֲמֹד (va-yaʿamod) – Root: עמד (ʿamad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he stood”; Notes: Indicates change of posture and readiness to listen.
- פֶּתַח (petach) – Root: פתח (petach); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “entrance”; Notes: Refers to the doorway or opening of the cave.
- הַמְּעָרָה (ha-meʿarah) – Root: מערה (meʿarah); Form: Definite noun, feminine singular; Translation: “the cave”; Notes: Definite article ה prefix attached.
- וְהִנֵּה (ve-hinne) – Root: הנה (hinneh); Form: Interjection; Translation: “and behold”; Notes: Introduces a significant or sudden event.
- אֵלָיו (elav) – Root: אל (el); Form: Preposition אֶל with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Marks the direction of the voice.
- קֹול (qol) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a voice”; Notes: Refers to a divine or prophetic utterance.
- וַיֹּאמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it said”; Notes: Continuation of the action through speech.
- מַה־לְּךָ (mah-lekha) – Root: מה + ל (mah + le); Form: Interrogative particle with preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “What [is] to you”; Notes: A Hebrew idiomatic way of asking “What are you doing?” or “Why are you here?”
- פֹה (po) – Root: פה (po); Form: Adverb; Translation: “here”; Notes: Indicates place or location.
- אֵלִיָּהוּ (Eliyyahu) – Root: אליהו (Eliyyahu); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Eliyyahu”; Notes: Personal name concluding the direct address.