וְהַשְּׁמֻעָה֙ בָּ֣אָה עַד־יֹואָ֔ב כִּ֣י יֹואָ֗ב נָטָה֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֲדֹנִיָּ֔ה וְאַחֲרֵ֥י אַבְשָׁלֹ֖ום לֹ֣א נָטָ֑ה וַיָּ֤נָס יֹואָב֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיַּחֲזֵ֖ק בְּקַרְנֹ֥ות הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃
And the report came to Yoʾav, for Yoʾav had turned after Adoniyyahu, though he had not turned after Avshalom. And Yoʾav fled to the Tent of YHWH and grasped the horns of the altar.
Morphology
- וְהַשְּׁמֻעָה֙ (ve-ha-shemuʿah) – Root: שׁמע; Form: Conjunction + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “And the report”; Notes: Refers to news or tidings.
- בָּ֣אָה (baʾah) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “came”; Notes: Feminine to agree with “report.”
- עַד־יֹואָ֔ב (ʿad-Yoʾav) – Root: עד, יואב; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Yoʾav”; Notes: Destination of the report.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Explains the reason for the action.
- יֹואָ֗ב (Yoʾav) – Root: יואב; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yoʾav”; Notes: Subject of the clause.
- נָטָה֙ (natah) – Root: נטה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “had turned”; Notes: Indicates political allegiance.
- אַחֲרֵ֣י (ʾaḥarei) – Root: אחר; Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Denotes allegiance or following.
- אֲדֹנִיָּ֔ה (Adoniyyahu) – Root: אדניה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Adoniyyahu”; Notes: Pretender to the throne.
- וְאַחֲרֵ֥י (ve-ʾaḥarei) – Root: אחר; Form: Conjunction + preposition; Translation: “and after”; Notes: Continues contrast of allegiance.
- אַבְשָׁלֹ֖ום (Avshalom) – Root: אבשלום; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Avshalom”; Notes: Dawid’s rebellious son.
- לֹ֣א נָטָ֑ה (lo natah) – Root: נטה; Form: Negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he had not turned”; Notes: Contrast with allegiance to Adoniyyahu.
- וַיָּ֤נָס (vayyānas) – Root: נוס; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he fled”; Notes: Describes Yoʾav’s reaction.
- יֹואָב֙ (Yoʾav) – Root: יואב; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yoʾav”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל (el-ohel) – Root: אהל; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the tent”; Notes: Refers to the sanctuary or tabernacle.
- יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Indicates sacred place of refuge.
- וַיַּחֲזֵ֖ק (vayyāḥazeq) – Root: חזק; Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he grasped”; Notes: Forceful action, seeking sanctuary.
- בְּקַרְנֹ֥ות (be-qarnot) – Root: קרן; Form: Preposition + plural noun feminine; Translation: “the horns of”; Notes: Refers to projections at the altar’s corners.
- הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ (ha-mizbeaḥ) – Root: זבח; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the altar”; Notes: Sacred place where Yoʾav sought protection.