וּבֶן־הֲדַ֣ד מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֗ם קָבַץ֙ אֶת־כָּל־חֵילֹ֔ו וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים וּשְׁנַ֥יִם מֶ֛לֶךְ אִתֹּ֖ו וְס֣וּס וָרָ֑כֶב וַיַּ֗עַל וַיָּ֨צַר֙ עַל־שֹׁ֣מְרֹ֔ון וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בָּֽהּ׃
And Ben-hadad king of Aram gathered all his army, and thirty-two kings with him, and horse and chariot, and he went up and besieged Shomron and fought against it.
Morphology
- וּבֶן־הֲדַד (u-ven-Hadad) – Root: בן (ben) + הדד (Hadad); Form: Conjunction וְ with construct noun; Translation: “And Ben-Hadad”; Notes: Proper name meaning “son of Hadad,” Hadad being a storm god.
- מֶלֶךְ־אֲרָם (melekh-Aram) – Root: מלך (melekh) + ארם (Aram); Form: Construct chain (king of Aram); Translation: “king of Aram”; Notes: Refers to the Aramean kingdom centered in Damascus.
- קָבַץ (qavats) – Root: קבץ (qavats); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “gathered”; Notes: Completed action of assembling forces.
- אֶת־כָּל־חֵילֹו (et-kol-ḥeilo) – Root: חיל (ḥayil); Form: Accusative marker אֶת with noun and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “all his army”; Notes: Army or military force.
- וּשְׁלֹשִׁים וּשְׁנַיִם (u-sheloshim u-shenayim) – Root: שלש (shalosh) + שנים (shenayim); Form: Conjunction וְ with cardinal numbers; Translation: “and thirty and two”; Notes: Expresses the number thirty-two.
- מֶלֶךְ (melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “king”; Notes: Refers to local rulers or vassal kings allied with Ben-Hadad.
- אִתּוֹ (itto) – Root: את (et); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “with him”; Notes: Indicates accompanying forces.
- וְסוּס (ve-sus) – Root: סוס (sus); Form: Conjunction וְ with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and horse”; Notes: Horses prepared for battle.
- וָרָכֶב (va-rakhev) – Root: רכב (rakev); Form: Conjunction וָ with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and chariot”; Notes: Refers to chariots as military units.
- וַיַּעַל (va-yaʿal) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he went up”; Notes: “Going up” is often used when moving toward an important city or region.
- וַיָּצַר (va-yatsar) – Root: צרר (tsarar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he besieged”; Notes: Military term for surrounding a city to capture it.
- עַל־שֹׁמְרוֹן (ʿal-Shomron) – Root: שמרון (Shomron); Form: Preposition עַל with proper noun; Translation: “against Shomron”; Notes: Refers to the capital of the northern kingdom of Yisraʾel.
- וַיִּלָּחֶם (va-yillakhem) – Root: לחם (lakham); Form: Nifal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he fought”; Notes: Nifal passive-reflexive form often used in battle contexts.
- בָּהּ (bah) – Root: ב (b) + ה (h); Form: Preposition בְ with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “against it”; Notes: Refers back to Shomron (feminine noun).