יְהוּדָ֤ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ רַבִּ֔ים כַּחֹ֥ול אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹ֑ב אֹכְלִ֥ים וְשֹׁתִ֖ים וּשְׂמֵחִֽים׃
Yehuda and Yisraʾel were many, like the sand that is by the sea in abundance, eating and drinking and rejoicing.
Morphology
- יְהוּדָ֤ה (Yehudah) – Root: ידה; Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the southern kingdom or tribe of Yehudah.
- וְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (ve-Yisraʾel) – Root: שׂרה + אל; Form: Conjunction + proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom or the nation as a whole alongside Yehudah.
- רַבִּ֔ים (rabbim) – Root: רבב; Form: Adjective, masculine plural; Translation: “many”; Notes: Indicates multitude.
- כַּחֹ֥ול (ka-ḥol) – Root: חול; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “like the sand”; Notes: Common simile for countless multitudes.
- אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַיָּ֖ם (asher-ʿal-ha-yam) – Roots: אשר, על, ים; Form: Relative pronoun + preposition + definite noun; Translation: “that is by the sea”; Notes: Expands the image of immense quantity.
- לָרֹ֑ב (la-rov) – Root: רוב; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “in abundance”; Notes: Reinforces the previous metaphor.
- אֹכְלִ֥ים (okhlim) – Root: אכל; Form: Qal participle, masculine plural; Translation: “eating”; Notes: Describes joyful activity of the people.
- וְשֹׁתִ֖ים (ve-shotim) – Root: שתה; Form: Conjunction + Qal participle, masculine plural; Translation: “and drinking”; Notes: Continues the picture of prosperity and peace.
- וּשְׂמֵחִֽים (u-semeḥim) – Root: שמח; Form: Conjunction + Qal participle, masculine plural; Translation: “and rejoicing”; Notes: Concludes the list with emotional well-being.