וַיִּתֵּן֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים חָכְמָ֧ה לִשְׁלֹמֹ֛ה וּתְבוּנָ֖ה הַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וְרֹ֣חַב לֵ֔ב כַּחֹ֕ול אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּֽם׃
And God gave wisdom to Shelomo, and very great understanding, and breadth of heart like the sand that is on the shore of the sea.
Morphology
- וַיִּתֵּן֩ (va-yitten) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he gave”; Notes: Narrative verb, subject is Elohim.
- אֱלֹהִ֨ים (Elohim) – Root: אלה; Form: Noun, masculine plural in form but singular in meaning; Translation: “God”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- חָכְמָ֧ה (ḥokhmah) – Root: חכם; Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “wisdom”; Notes: Often associated with divinely given insight or discernment.
- לִשְׁלֹמֹ֛ה (li-Shelomoh) – Root: שלמה; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Shelomoh”; Notes: Indicates recipient of the divine gift.
- וּתְבוּנָ֖ה (u-tevunah) – Root: בין; Form: Conjunction + noun, feminine singular; Translation: “and understanding”; Notes: Suggests deep discernment or insight.
- הַרְבֵּ֣ה (harbeh) – Root: רבה; Form: Adjective/adverb; Translation: “much”; Notes: Emphasizes quantity or intensity.
- מְאֹ֑ד (meʾod) – Root: מאד; Form: Adverb; Translation: “very”; Notes: Intensifies the previous adjective.
- וְרֹ֣חַב (ve-roḥav) – Root: רחב; Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and breadth”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to capacity or expansiveness.
- לֵ֔ב (lev) – Root: לבב; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “heart”; Notes: Seat of thought and emotion in Hebrew idiom.
- כַּחֹ֕ול (ka-ḥol) – Root: חול; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “like the sand”; Notes: Common biblical simile for vast quantity.
- אֲשֶׁ֖ר (asher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
- עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת (ʿal-sefat) – Root: שפה; Form: Preposition + construct noun, feminine singular; Translation: “on the shore of”; Notes: Describes the location of the sand.
- הַיָּֽם (ha-yam) – Root: ים; Form: Noun, masculine singular with article; Translation: “the sea”; Notes: Refers to the vast shore of the sea, emphasizing the metaphor.