1 Samuel 1:15

וַתַּ֨עַן חַנָּ֤ה וַתֹּ֨אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֲדֹנִ֔י אִשָּׁ֤ה קְשַׁת־ר֨וּחַ֙ אָנֹ֔כִי וְיַ֥יִן וְשֵׁכָ֖ר לֹ֣א שָׁתִ֑יתִי וָאֶשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃

And Ḥanna answered and said, “No, my lord! I am a woman of sorrowful spirit. I have not drunk wine nor strong drink, but I have poured out my soul before YHWH.

Morphology

1. וַתַּ֨עַן (vattaʿan) – Root: ענה (ʿanah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And she answered”; Notes: Introduces a response.
2. חַנָּ֤ה (Ḥannah) – Root: חנה (Ḥannah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥannah”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
3. וַתֹּ֨אמֶר֙ (vattomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and she said”; Notes: Introduces speech.
4. לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “No”; Notes: Strong negation.
5. אֲדֹנִ֔י (ʾadoni) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my lord”; Notes: A respectful address.
6. אִשָּׁ֤ה (ishshah) – Root: אשה (ʾishah); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “a woman”; Notes: Subject of the next phrase.
7. קְשַׁת־ר֨וּחַ֙ (qeshet-ruaḥ) – Root: קשה (qashah) + רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Adjective, feminine singular construct + noun, feminine singular; Translation: “of sorrowful spirit”; Notes: Describes her emotional state.
8. אָנֹ֔כִי (anokhi) – Root: אנכי (anokhi); Form: Pronoun, 1st person singular; Translation: “I am”; Notes: Emphasizes identity.
9. וְיַ֥יִן (ve-yayin) – Root: יין (yayin); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “wine”; Notes: First item in contrast.
10. וְשֵׁכָ֖ר (ve-shekar) – Root: שכר (shekar); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “strong drink”; Notes: Paired with “wine” for emphasis.
11. לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates verb.
12. שָׁתִ֑יתִי (shatiti) – Root: שתה (shatah); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “have I drunk”; Notes: Completed past action.
13. וָאֶשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ (va-eshpokh) – Root: שפך (shafakh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 1st person singular; Translation: “but I have poured out”; Notes: Expresses her devotion.
14. אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י (et-nafshi) – Root: נפש (nefesh); Form: Noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my soul”; Notes: Object of the action.
15. לִפְנֵ֥י (lifnei) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates direction of action.
16. יְהוָֽה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The recipient of her prayer.