וַיֹּ֧אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל אֶל־שָׁא֖וּל נִסְכָּ֑לְתָּ לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֗רְתָּ אֶת־מִצְוַ֞ת יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ךְ כִּ֣י עַתָּ֗ה הֵכִ֨ין יְהוָ֧ה אֶת־מַֽמְלַכְתְּךָ֛ אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עֹולָֽם׃
And Shemuʾel said to Shaʾul, “You have acted foolishly. You have not kept the commandment of YHWH your God, which He commanded you. For now, YHWH would have established your kingdom over Yisraʾel forever.
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֧אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Standard narrative form.
- שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל (Shemuʾel) – Root: שמואל (Shemuʾel); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Shemuʾel”; Notes: Refers to the prophet.
- אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition; Translation: “to”; Notes: Indicates direction.
- שָׁא֖וּל (Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Shaʾul”; Notes: Refers to King Shaʾul.
- נִסְכָּ֑לְתָּ (niskalta) – Root: סכל (sakal); Form: Nifal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You have acted foolishly”; Notes: Reflexive/passive meaning.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- שָׁמַ֗רְתָּ (shamarta) – Root: שמר (shamar); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You have kept”; Notes: Denotes past action.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Definite direct object marker; Translation: [not translated]; Notes: Marks direct object.
- מִצְוַ֞ת (mitsvat) – Root: מצוה (mitsvah); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “the commandment of”; Notes: Refers to a divine order.
- יְהוָ֤ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name.
- אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ (ʾElohekha) – Root: אלהים (ʾElohim); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Possessive form.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces subordinate clause.
- צִוָּ֔ךְ (tsivvakh) – Root: צוה (tsavah); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “He commanded you”; Notes: Intensive meaning.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces reason.
- עַתָּ֗ה (ʿattah) – Root: עתה (ʿattah); Form: Adverb; Translation: “now”; Notes: Temporal marker.
- הֵכִ֨ין (heikhin) – Root: כון (kun); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He would have established”; Notes: Causative sense.
- יְהוָ֧ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name.
- אֶת־מַֽמְלַכְתְּךָ֛ (ʾet-mamlakhtekha) – Root: ממלכה (mamlakhah); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your kingdom”; Notes: Possessive form.
- אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition; Translation: “over”; Notes: Indicates direction or target.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation.
- עַד־עֹולָֽם׃ (ʿad-ʿolam) – Root: עולם (ʿolam); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “forever”; Notes: Denotes perpetuity.