וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד וַיִּקְרָא֙ אֶל־מַעַרְכֹ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לָ֥מָּה תֵצְא֖וּ לַעֲרֹ֣ךְ מִלְחָמָ֑ה הֲלֹ֧וא אָנֹכִ֣י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲבָדִ֣ים לְשָׁא֔וּל בְּרוּ־לָכֶ֥ם אִ֖ישׁ וְיֵרֵ֥ד אֵלָֽי׃
And he stood and called out to the ranks of Yisraʾel, and he said to them, “Why do you come out to arrange battle? Am I not the Pelishti, and you the servants of Shaʾul? Choose for yourselves a man, and let him come down to me.
Morphology
- וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד (vayyaʿamod) – Root: עמד (ʿamad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he stood”; Notes: Sequential action.
- וַיִּקְרָא֙ (vayyiqra) – Root: קרא (qaraʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he called out”; Notes: Indicates speech directed at an audience.
- אֶל־מַעַרְכֹ֣ת (ʾel-maʿarkhot) – Root: ערך (ʿarakh); Form: Noun, feminine plural construct with preposition; Translation: “to the ranks of”; Notes: Refers to military formations.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the Israelite army.
- וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayyoʾmer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- לָהֶ֔ם (lahem) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Indirect object of the speech.
- לָ֥מָּה (lammah) – Root: מה (mah); Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “Why”; Notes: Introduces a question.
- תֵצְא֖וּ (tetseʾu) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “do you come out”; Notes: Addresses multiple people.
- לַעֲרֹ֣ךְ (laʿarokh) – Root: ערך (ʿarakh); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to arrange”; Notes: Refers to military formations.
- מִלְחָמָ֑ה (milḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “battle”; Notes: The object of the verb.
- הֲלֹ֧וא (halo) – Root: לא (loʾ); Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “Am I not”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question.
- אָנֹכִ֣י (ʾanokhi) – Root: אנכי (ʾanokhi); Form: Pronoun, 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphasizes the speaker.
- הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י (ha-Pelishti) – Root: פלש (palash); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the Pelishti”; Notes: Refers to Golyat.
- וְאַתֶּם֙ (ve-atem) – Root: אתם (atem); Form: Pronoun, 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and you”; Notes: Directly addresses the Israelites.
- עֲבָדִ֣ים (ʿavadim) – Root: עבד (ʿavad); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “servants”; Notes: Indicates subjugation.
- לְשָׁא֔וּל (le-Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “to Shaʾul”; Notes: Refers to the Israelite king.
- בְּרוּ־לָכֶ֥ם (beru-lakhem) – Root: ברר (barar); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural with preposition; Translation: “Choose for yourselves”; Notes: A command.
- אִ֖ישׁ (ʾish) – Root: איש (ʾish); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a man”; Notes: Refers to a champion.
- וְיֵרֵ֥ד (ve-yered) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and let him come down”; Notes: Expresses volition.
- אֵלָֽי (ʾelai) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Indicates the intended recipient of the challenge.