וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ שָׁא֜וּל מִצַּ֤ד הָהָר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וְדָוִ֧ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֛יו מִצַּ֥ד הָהָ֖ר מִזֶּ֑ה וַיְהִ֨י דָוִ֜ד נֶחְפָּ֤ז לָלֶ֨כֶת֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וְשָׁא֣וּל וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו עֹֽטְרִ֛ים אֶל־דָּוִ֥ד וְאֶל־אֲנָשָׁ֖יו לְתָפְשָֽׂם׃
And Shaʾul went on one side of the mountain, and Dawid and his men on the other side of the mountain. And Dawid was hurrying to go away from before Shaʾul, while Shaʾul and his men were closing in on Dawid and his men to seize them.
Morphology
- וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ (vayelekh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he went”; Notes: Describes Shaʾul’s movement.
- שָׁא֜וּל (Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shaʾul”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- מִצַּ֤ד (mitsad) – Root: צד (tsad); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “on the side of”; Notes: Indicates position.
- הָהָר֙ (hahār) – Root: הר (har); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the mountain”; Notes: A geographical feature.
- מִזֶּ֔ה (mizzeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun; Translation: “on this side”; Notes: Specifies location.
- וְדָוִ֧ד (ve-Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “and Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the next clause.
- וַאֲנָשָׁ֛יו (vaʾanashav) – Root: אנש (ʾenosh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his men”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s followers.
- מִצַּ֥ד (mitsad) – Root: צד (tsad); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “on the side of”; Notes: Indicates position.
- הָהָ֖ר (hahār) – Root: הר (har); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the mountain”; Notes: A geographical feature.
- מִזֶּ֑ה (mizzeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun; Translation: “on this side”; Notes: Specifies location.
- וַיְהִ֨י (vayehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it was”; Notes: Introduces a narrative event.
- דָוִ֜ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the clause.
- נֶחְפָּ֤ז (neḥpaz) – Root: חפז (ḥafaz); Form: Nifal participle masculine singular; Translation: “was hurrying”; Notes: Reflexive form indicating urgency.
- לָלֶ֨כֶת֙ (lalekhet) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to go”; Notes: Purpose clause.
- מִפְּנֵ֣י (mippenei) – Root: פני (panim); Form: Preposition with noun in construct form; Translation: “from before”; Notes: Expresses movement away.
- שָׁא֔וּל (Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shaʾul”; Notes: Object of Dawid’s flight.
- וְשָׁא֣וּל (ve-Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “while Shaʾul”; Notes: Subject of the next clause.
- וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו (vaʾanashav) – Root: אנש (ʾenosh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his men”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul’s followers.
- עֹֽטְרִ֛ים (ʿotərim) – Root: עטר (ʿatar); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “were closing in”; Notes: Describes encircling movement.
- אֶל־דָּוִ֥ד (el-Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “toward Dawid”; Notes: Target of pursuit.
- וְאֶל־אֲנָשָׁ֖יו (ve-el-ʾanashav) – Root: אנש (ʾenosh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and toward his men”; Notes: Includes Dawid’s followers.
- לְתָפְשָֽׂם (letafośam) – Root: תפש (tafash); Form: Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to seize them”; Notes: Expresses purpose.