2 Kings 19:1

וַיְהִ֗י כִּשְׁמֹ֨עַ֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ וַיִּקְרַ֖ע אֶת־בְּגָדָ֑יו וַיִּתְכַּ֣ס בַּשָּׂ֔ק וַיָּבֹ֖א בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃

And it came to pass when King Ḥizqiyahu heard, that he tore his garments and covered himself with sackcloth, and he went into the house of YHWH.

Morphology

1. וַיְהִ֗י (va-yehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Introduces a narrative event, common in Biblical storytelling.
2. כִּשְׁמֹ֨עַ (kishmoaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Preposition כְּ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “when hearing”; Notes: Infinitive construct used temporally to indicate the time of the following action.
3. הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ (ha-melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the king”; Notes: Subject of the sentence, followed by his name.
4. חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ (Ḥizqiyahu) – Root: חזק (ḥazaq) + divine suffix; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥizqiyahu”; Notes: King of Yisraʾel, whose name means “YHWH strengthens.”
5. וַיִּקְרַ֖ע (va-yiqraʿ) – Root: קרע (qaraʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he tore”; Notes: Expression of mourning or great distress.
6. אֶת־בְּגָדָ֑יו (et-begadav) – Root: בגד (beged); Form: Definite direct object marker + noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his garments”; Notes: The tearing of clothes was a traditional mourning gesture.
7. וַיִּתְכַּ֣ס (va-yitkass) – Root: כסה (kasah); Form: Hitpael wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he covered himself”; Notes: Hitpael indicates reflexive action—he covered himself.
8. בַּשָּׂ֔ק (ba-saq) – Root: שׂק (saq); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “with sackcloth”; Notes: A sign of mourning, humiliation, or penitence.
9. וַיָּבֹ֖א (va-yavo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he went”; Notes: Indicates his physical movement in response to distress.
10. בֵּ֥ית (beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Construct form noun masculine singular; Translation: “house of”; Notes: Appears in construct form, linking it to YHWH.
11. יְהוָֽה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, the sacred name of the God of Yisraʾel.