תַּ֣חַת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲזָב֗וּנִי וַֽיְקַטְּרוּ֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים לְמַ֨עַן֙ הַכְעִיסֵ֔נִי בְּכֹ֖ל מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵיהֶ֑ם וְנִצְּתָ֧ה חֲמָתִ֛י בַּמָּקֹ֥ום הַזֶּ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תִכְבֶּֽה׃
Because they have forsaken Me and have burned incense to other gods, in order to provoke Me to anger with all the work of their hands, therefore My wrath has been kindled against this place, and it shall not be quenched.'”
Morphology
- תַּ֣חַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Because”; Notes: Often used causally to mean “on account of.”
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: –; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that” / “because”; Notes: Introduces the reason clause.
- עֲזָב֗וּנִי (ʿazavuni) – Root: עזב (ʿazav); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “they have forsaken Me”; Notes: Expresses covenantal abandonment of YHWH.
- וַֽיְקַטְּרוּ֙ (va-yeqatteru) – Root: קטר (qatar); Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they burned incense”; Notes: Cultic worship practice directed at foreign gods.
- לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים (le-ʾelohim aḥerim) – Root: אל (ʾel), אחר (aḥer); Form: Preposition + masculine plural noun + adjective; Translation: “to other gods”; Notes: Prohibited in Torah; key cause of judgment.
- לְמַ֨עַן (lemaʿan) – Root: מען (maʿan); Form: Preposition; Translation: “in order to”; Notes: Indicates intent or purpose.
- הַכְעִיסֵ֔נִי (hakʿiseni) – Root: כעס (kaʿas); Form: Hifil infinitive + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to provoke Me to anger”; Notes: Causative form emphasizes deliberate offense.
- בְּכֹ֖ל מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵיהֶ֑ם (be-khol maʿaseh yedeihem) – Root: עשה (ʿasah), יד (yad); Form: Preposition + noun construct phrase; Translation: “with all the work of their hands”; Notes: Refers to idol-making and false worship.
- וְנִצְּתָ֧ה (ve-nitsetah) – Root: נצה (natsah); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and has been kindled”; Notes: Describes wrath as fire-like.
- חֲמָתִ֛י (ḥamati) – Root: חמה (ḥemah); Form: Noun feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “My wrath”; Notes: Divine anger at covenant betrayal.
- בַּמָּקֹ֥ום הַזֶּ֖ה (ba-maqom ha-zeh) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Preposition + definite noun + demonstrative; Translation: “in this place”; Notes: Refers to Yerushalayim and the Temple.
- וְלֹ֥א תִכְבֶּֽה (ve-lo tikhbeh) – Root: כבה (kavah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and it shall not be quenched”; Notes: Implies irreversible judgment.