2 Kings 23:22

כִּ֣י לֹ֤א נַֽעֲשָׂה֙ כַּפֶּ֣סַח הַזֶּ֔ה מִימֵי֙ הַשֹּׁ֣פְטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁפְט֖וּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְכֹ֗ל יְמֵ֛י מַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃

For a Pesaḥ like this had not been done from the days of the judges who judged Yisraʾel, and all the days of the kings of Yisraʾel and the kings of Yehuda.

Morphology

1. כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces explanation or reason.
2. לֹ֤א (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the verb that follows.
3. נַֽעֲשָׂה֙ (naʿasah) – Root: עשה; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “had been done”; Notes: Passive verb describing an action not performed.
4. כַּפֶּ֣סַח (ka-Pesaḥ) – Root: פסח; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “like the Pesaḥ”; Notes: Refers to the exceptional Passover celebrated under King Yoshiyahu.
5. הַזֶּ֔ה (ha-zeh) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative adjective masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies and emphasizes the uniqueness of this Pesaḥ.
6. מִימֵי֙ (mi-yemei) – Root: יום; Form: Preposition + construct plural noun; Translation: “from the days of”; Notes: Indicates a time frame beginning with the period of the judges.
7. הַשֹּׁ֣פְטִ֔ים (ha-shofṭim) – Root: שׁפט; Form: Definite plural noun masculine; Translation: “the judges”; Notes: Refers to leaders who ruled Yisraʾel before the monarchy.
8. אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause describing the judges.
9. שָׁפְט֖וּ (shafṭu) – Root: שׁפט; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “judged”; Notes: Describes their governing activity.
10. אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (et-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Object of the judges’ rule.
11. וְכֹ֗ל (ve-khol) – Root: כל; Form: Conjunction + universal noun; Translation: “and all”; Notes: Expands the time frame to the monarchic period.
12. יְמֵ֛י (yemei) – Root: יום; Form: Construct plural noun; Translation: “the days of”; Notes: Time expression modifying “kings.”
13. מַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (malkei Yisraʾel) – Root: מלך; Form: Construct plural noun + proper noun; Translation: “the kings of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to northern kings from Yaravʿam to Hoshea.
14. וּמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה (u-malkei Yehudah) – Root: מלך; Form: Conjunction + construct plural noun + proper noun; Translation: “and the kings of Yehudah”; Notes: Southern kingdom monarchs up to Yoshiyahu.