וְגַ֣ם אֶת־הָאֹבֹ֣ות וְאֶת־֠הַיִּדְּעֹנִים וְאֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֨ים וְאֶת־הַגִּלֻּלִ֜ים וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־הַשִּׁקֻּצִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִרְאוּ֙ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ יְהוּדָה֙ וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בִּעֵ֖ר יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ לְ֠מַעַן הָקִ֞ים אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֤י הַתֹּורָה֙ הַכְּתֻבִ֣ים עַל־הַסֵּ֔פֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָצָ֛א חִלְקִיָּ֥הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃
And also the mediums and the spiritists and the household gods and the idols and all the abominations that were seen in the land of Yehuda and in Yerushalayim, Yoshiyyahu burned, in order to establish the words of the Torah that were written in the scroll which Ḥilqiyahu the priest found in the house of YHWH.
Morphology
- וְגַ֣ם (ve-gam) – Root: גם; Form: Conjunction/adverb; Translation: “And also”; Notes: Adds additional categories of things that were removed.
- אֶת־הָאֹבֹ֣ות (et-ha-ʾovot) – Root: אוב; Form: Definite plural noun, direct object; Translation: “the mediums”; Notes: Refers to necromancers or those consulting spirits.
- וְאֶת־הַיִּדְּעֹנִים (ve-et ha-yidʿonim) – Root: ידע; Form: Definite plural noun, direct object; Translation: “the spiritists”; Notes: Those claiming secret knowledge through occult means.
- וְאֶת־הַתְּרָפִים (ve-et ha-terafim) – Root: תרף; Form: Definite plural noun, direct object; Translation: “the household gods”; Notes: Often associated with idolatrous practice within homes.
- וְאֶת־הַגִּלֻּלִים (ve-et ha-gillulim) – Root: גלל; Form: Definite plural noun, direct object; Translation: “the idols”; Notes: A derogatory term for abominable images.
- וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־הַשִּׁקֻּצִים (ve-et kol ha-shiqqutsim) – Root: שׁקץ; Form: Direct object marker + universal quantifier + definite plural noun; Translation: “and all the abominations”; Notes: Refers to any detestable objects or practices associated with idolatry.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִרְאוּ֙ (asher nirʾu) – Root: ראה; Form: Relative pronoun + Nifal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “that were seen”; Notes: Refers to the visible presence of these things in the land.
- בְּאֶ֤רֶץ יְהוּדָה֙ (be-ʾerets Yehudah) – Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition + noun + proper noun; Translation: “in the land of Yehudah”; Notes: The southern kingdom where the reforms took place.
- וּבִירוּשָׁלִַם (u-vi-Yerushalayim) – Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper noun; Translation: “and in Yerushalayim”; Notes: Specifies the capital as included in the purging.
- בִּעֵ֖ר (biʿer) – Root: בער; Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he burned” / “he eradicated”; Notes: Indicates destruction by fire or purging.
- יֹאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ (Yoshiyahu) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yoshiyahu”; Notes: The king carrying out the reforms.
- לְמַעַן (lemaʿan) – Form: Preposition; Translation: “in order to”; Notes: Expresses purpose or intent.
- הָקִ֞ים (haqim) – Root: קום; Form: Hifil infinitive construct; Translation: “to establish”; Notes: Refers to fulfilling or putting into practice.
- אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֤י הַתֹּורָה֙ (et-divrei ha-torah) – Root: דבר, ירה; Form: Construct plural noun + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the words of the Torah”; Notes: Refers to the commandments and teachings of YHWH.
- הַכְּתֻבִ֣ים (ha-ketuvim) – Root: כתב; Form: Nifal participle plural masculine; Translation: “that are written”; Notes: Participial form referring to fixed text in the scroll.
- עַל־הַסֵּ֔פֶר (ʿal ha-sefer) – Root: ספר; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the scroll”; Notes: The physical Torah scroll used in reform.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָצָ֛א (asher matsa) – Root: מצא; Form: Relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “which [he] found”; Notes: Refers to the discovery in the Temple.
- חִלְקִיָּ֥הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן (Ḥilqiyahu ha-kohen) – Root: חלק; Form: Proper noun + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “Ḥilqiyahu the priest”; Notes: The high priest who discovered the scroll.
- בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה (beit YHWH) – Root: בית; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “the house of YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the Temple in Yerushalayim.