2 Kings 25:5

וַיִּרְדְּפ֤וּ חֵיל־כַּשְׂדִּים֙ אַחַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּשִּׂ֥גוּ אֹתֹ֖ו בְּעַרְבֹ֣ות יְרֵחֹ֑ו וְכָל־חֵילֹ֔ו נָפֹ֖צוּ מֵעָלָֽיו׃

And the force of the Kasdim pursued after the king, and they overtook him in the plains of Yeriḥo, and all his army was scattered from him.

Morphology

1. וַיִּרְדְּפוּ (va-yirdəfu) – Root: רדף (radaf); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they pursued”; Notes: Describes the action of the Kasdim’s forces chasing the fleeing king.
2. חֵיל־כַּשְׂדִּים (ḥeil-Kasdim) – Root: חיל (ḥayil) + כשׂד (Kasdim); Form: Construct noun masculine singular + proper noun masculine plural; Translation: “the force of the Kasdim”; Notes: Indicates the military unit of the Babylonians.
3. אַחַר (ʾaḥar) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Used in pursuit contexts.
4. הַמֶּלֶךְ (ha-melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the king”; Notes: Refers to King Tsidqiyyahu, the fleeing monarch.
5. וַיַּשִּׂגוּ (va-yassigu) – Root: נשׂג (nasag); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they overtook”; Notes: Hifil form denotes causing an attainment—here, catching up to the king.
6. אֹתוֹ (ʾoto) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “him”; Notes: Refers to the king as the object of pursuit and capture.
7. בְּעַרְבֹות (be-ʿarvot) – Root: ערבה (ʿaravah); Form: Preposition בְּ + plural noun feminine; Translation: “in the plains”; Notes: A geographical location, likely referring to desert plains or river valley region.
8. יְרֵחֹו (Yeriḥo) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Yeriḥo”; Notes: The city of Jericho, near which the king was captured.
9. וְכָל־חֵילֹו (ve-khol-ḥeilov) – Root: חיל (ḥayil); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and all his army”; Notes: Indicates the troops under the king’s command.
10. נָפֹצוּ (nafotzu) – Root: פוץ (puts); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “were scattered”; Notes: Passive meaning of being dispersed or broken apart.
11. מֵעָלָיו (me-ʿalav) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition מִן + עַל + third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from him”; Notes: Indicates separation—his army abandoned him or was detached from him.