2 Samuel 10:4

וַיִּקַּ֨ח חָנ֜וּן אֶת־עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד וַיְגַלַּח֙ אֶת־חֲצִ֣י זְקָנָ֔ם וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת אֶת־מַדְוֵיהֶ֛ם בַּחֵ֖צִי עַ֣ד שְׁתֹֽותֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃

And Ḥanun took the servants of Dawid and shaved off half of their beards, and he cut off their garments in the middle up to their buttocks, and sent them away.

Morphology

1. וַיִּקַּ֨ח (vayyiqqaḥ) – Root: לקח (laqakh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he took”; Notes: Initiates the hostile action of Ḥanun.
2. חָנ֜וּן (Ḥanun) – Root: חנן (ḥanan); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥanun”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
3. אֶת־עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד (et-ʿavdei Dawid) – Root: עבד (ʿeved), דוד (Dawid); Form: Definite direct object marker + construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “the servants of Dawid”; Notes: Direct object of the verb “took.”
4. וַיְגַלַּח֙ (vayyegallaḥ) – Root: גלח (galaḥ); Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he shaved”; Notes: Intensive action done deliberately.
5. אֶת־חֲצִ֣י זְקָנָ֔ם (et-ḥatsi zeqanam) – Root: חצי (ḥatsi), זקן (zaqan); Form: Definite object + construct noun + noun with 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “half of their beard”; Notes: Humiliation gesture.
6. וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת (vayyikrot) – Root: כרת (karat); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he cut off”; Notes: Continues the list of humiliations.
7. אֶת־מַדְוֵיהֶ֛ם (et-madvehem) – Root: מדו (madveh); Form: Definite object + noun masculine plural with 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “their garments”; Notes: Refers to their outer clothing.
8. בַּחֵ֖צִי (baḥetsi) – Root: חצי (ḥetsi); Form: Preposition with definite article + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the middle”; Notes: Indicates the point of cutting.
9. עַ֣ד שְׁתֹֽותֵיהֶ֑ם (ʿad shetoteihem) – Root: שתה (shatah); Form: Preposition + noun feminine plural with 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “up to their buttocks”; Notes: Vulgar exposure meant to disgrace.
10. וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם (vayyshallekhem) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “and he sent them away”; Notes: Dismissed in their state of shame.