וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יֹואָב֙ תְּקֹ֔ועָה וַיִּקַּ֥ח מִשָּׁ֖ם אִשָּׁ֣ה חֲכָמָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵ֠לֶיהָ הִֽתְאַבְּלִי־נָ֞א וְלִבְשִׁי־נָ֣א בִגְדֵי־אֵ֗בֶל וְאַל־תָּס֨וּכִי֙ שֶׁ֔מֶן וְהָיִ֕ית כְּאִשָּׁ֗ה זֶ֚ה יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים מִתְאַבֶּ֖לֶת עַל־מֵֽת׃
And Yoʾav sent to Teqoʿa and took from there a wise woman, and he said to her, “Please mourn, and put on mourning garments now, and do not anoint yourself with oil, and be like a woman who has mourned many days for the dead.
Morphology
- וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח (va-yishlaḥ) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he sent”; Notes: Refers to Yoʾav sending a message or emissary.
- יֹואָב֙ (Yoʾav) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular proper name; Translation: “Yoʾav”; Notes: Commander of Dawid’s army.
- תְּקֹ֔ועָה (Teqoʿa) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Feminine singular proper name; Translation: “Teqoʿa”; Notes: A town in Yehudah.
- וַיִּקַּ֥ח (va-yiqqaḥ) – Root: לקח (laqach); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he took”; Notes: Refers to bringing the woman from Teqoʿa.
- מִשָּׁ֖ם (mi-sham) – Root: שם (sham); Form: Preposition + adverb; Translation: “from there”; Notes: Indicates the source location.
- אִשָּׁ֣ה (ishah) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a woman”; Notes: Object of the verb “he took.”
- חֲכָמָ֑ה (ḥakhamah) – Root: חכם (ḥakham); Form: Adjective feminine singular; Translation: “wise”; Notes: Qualifies the woman.
- וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Introduces Yoʾav’s instructions.
- אֵ֠לֶיהָ (eleha) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “to her”; Notes: Marks the indirect object.
- הִֽתְאַבְּלִי־נָ֞א (hitʾabbeli-na) – Root: אבל (ʾaval); Form: Hitpael imperative feminine singular + particle of entreaty; Translation: “Please mourn”; Notes: Reflexive form—act like one in mourning.
- וְלִבְשִׁי־נָ֣א (vilbshi-na) – Root: לבש (lavash); Form: Qal imperative feminine singular + particle of entreaty; Translation: “and put on now”; Notes: Followed by object phrase בִגְדֵי־אֵבֶל.
- בִגְדֵי־אֵ֗בֶל (bigdei-evel) – Root: בגד (beged) + אבל (ʾevel); Form: Construct phrase, masculine plural noun + noun; Translation: “mourning garments”; Notes: Typical clothing for someone mourning the dead.
- וְאַל־תָּס֨וּכִי֙ (veʾal-tasukhi) – Root: סוך (sukh); Form: Conjunction + negative + Qal imperfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “and do not anoint yourself”; Notes: Refers to abstaining from oil, as was customary in mourning.
- שֶׁ֔מֶן (shemen) – Root: שמן (shemen); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “oil”; Notes: Used for grooming or fragrance, avoided in mourning.
- וְהָיִ֕ית (ve-hayit) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “and be”; Notes: Command to assume a specific demeanor.
- כְּאִשָּׁ֗ה (ke-ishah) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “like a woman”; Notes: Sets up a simile.
- זֶ֚ה (zeh) – Root: Demonstrative; Form: Masculine singular demonstrative; Translation: “this”; Notes: Points to a woman of a certain kind.
- יָמִ֣ים (yamim) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “days”; Notes: Refers to extended time period.
- רַבִּ֔ים (rabbim) – Root: רבב (rav); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “many”; Notes: Modifies יָמִים.
- מִתְאַבֶּ֖לֶת (mitʾabbelet) – Root: אבל (ʾaval); Form: Hitpael participle feminine singular; Translation: “mourning”; Notes: Describes the state she is to imitate.
- עַל־מֵֽת (ʿal-met) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for the dead”; Notes: Standard expression of mourning.