הֵשִׁיב֩ עָלֶ֨יךָ יְהוָ֜ה כֹּ֣ל דְּמֵ֣י בֵית־שָׁא֗וּל אֲשֶׁ֤ר מָלַ֨כְתָּ֙ תַּחְתֹּו֙ וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה בְּיַ֖ד אַבְשָׁלֹ֣ום בְּנֶ֑ךָ וְהִנְּךָ֙ בְּרָ֣עָתֶ֔ךָ כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ דָּמִ֖ים אָֽתָּה׃
YHWH has returned upon you all the blood of the house of Shaʾul, in whose place you have reigned, and YHWH has given the kingship into the hand of Avshalom your son. And behold, you are in your evil, for you are a man of bloodshed.”
Morphology
- הֵשִׁיב֩ (heshiv) – Root: שׁוב; Form: Hifil perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “has returned”; Notes: Refers to divine retribution.
- עָלֶ֨יךָ (ʿalekha) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 2ms suffix; Translation: “upon you”; Notes: Indicates the object of the action.
- יְהוָ֜ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the action “returned.”
- כֹּ֣ל (kol) – Root: כל; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “all”; Notes: Introduces the total object of judgment.
- דְּמֵ֣י (demei) – Root: דם; Form: Construct plural masculine; Translation: “the blood of”; Notes: Construct with “house of Shaʾul.”
- בֵית־שָׁא֗וּל (beit-Shaʾul) – Root: בית, שאול; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “house of Shaʾul”; Notes: Refers to the former royal family.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר (asher) – Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which/that”; Notes: Introduces subordinate clause.
- מָלַ֨כְתָּ (malakhta) – Root: מלך; Form: Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular; Translation: “you reigned”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s rule after Shaʾul.
- תַּחְתֹּו֙ (taḥtav) – Root: תחת; Form: Preposition + 3ms suffix; Translation: “in his place”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul.
- וַיִּתֵּ֤ן (vayyiten) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “and He gave”; Notes: Another act attributed to YHWH.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of “gave.”
- אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה (et-ha-melukhah) – Root: מלך; Form: Object marker + noun, feminine singular, definite; Translation: “the kingship”; Notes: Direct object of “gave.”
- בְּיַ֖ד (be-yad) – Root: יד; Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular; Translation: “into the hand of”; Notes: Denotes agency or control.
- אַבְשָׁלֹ֣ום (Avshalom) – Root: אבשלום; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Avshalom”; Notes: Dawid’s son and rebel.
- בְּנֶ֑ךָ (benekha) – Root: בן; Form: Noun + 2ms suffix; Translation: “your son”; Notes: Possessive form identifying Avshalom.
- וְהִנְּךָ֙ (ve-hinnekha) – Root: הנה; Form: Interjection + pronoun suffix; Translation: “and behold, you”; Notes: Marks emphatic statement.
- בְּרָעָתֶ֔ךָ (be-raʿatekha) – Root: רעע; Form: Preposition + noun with 2ms suffix; Translation: “in your evil”; Notes: Refers to calamity or moral guilt.
- כִּ֛י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for/because”; Notes: Introduces reason.
- אִ֥ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a man”; Notes: Subject predicate.
- דָּמִ֖ים (damim) – Root: דם; Form: Plural noun; Translation: “of bloodshed”; Notes: Implies guilt in violent acts.
- אָֽתָּה (attah) – Root: אתה; Form: Independent pronoun, 2ms; Translation: “you”; Notes: Emphatic identification.