וַעֲמָשָׂ֨א לֹֽא־נִשְׁמַ֜ר בַּחֶ֣רֶב אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיַד־יֹואָ֗ב וַיַּכֵּהוּ֩ בָ֨הּ אֶל־הַחֹ֜מֶשׁ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ מֵעָ֥יו אַ֛רְצָה וְלֹא־שָׁ֥נָה לֹ֖ו וַיָּמֹ֑ת ס וְיֹואָב֙ וַאֲבִישַׁ֣י אָחִ֔יו רָדַ֕ף אַחֲרֵ֖י שֶׁ֥בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִֽי׃
And ʿAmasa was not on guard against the sword that was in Yoʾav’s hand, and he struck him with it in the belly, and his entrails spilled to the ground, and he did not strike him again, and he died. And Yoʾav and Avishai his brother pursued after Shevaʿ son of Bikhri.
Morphology
- וַעֲמָשָׂא (vaʿAmasa) – Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “And ʿAmasa”; Notes: Subject of the clause.
- לֹא־נִשְׁמַר (lo-nishmar) – Root: שמר; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd masculine singular with negative particle; Translation: “was not guarded / did not guard himself”; Notes: Passive/reflexive voice.
- בַּחֶרֶב (baḥerev) – Root: חרב; Form: Preposition + definite noun, feminine singular; Translation: “against the sword”; Notes: Instrumental phrase.
- אֲשֶׁר (asher) – Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- בְּיַד־יֹואָב (be-yad-Yoʾav) – Root: יד; Form: Preposition + construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “in the hand of Yoʾav”; Notes: Possessive phrase.
- וַיַּכֵּהוּ (vayyakkehu) – Root: נכה; Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and he struck him”; Notes: Violent action, causative stem.
- בָהּ (vah) – Root: ב; Form: Preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “with it”; Notes: Refers to the sword.
- אֶל־הַחֹמֶשׁ (el-haḥomes) – Root: חמש; Form: Preposition + definite noun; Translation: “in the belly”; Notes: Possibly the fifth rib or lower abdomen.
- וַיִּשְׁפֹּךְ (vayyishpokh) – Root: שפך; Form: Wayyiqtol Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “and he poured out”; Notes: Describes what happened to his entrails.
- מֵעָיו (meʿav) – Root: מעי; Form: Plural noun + 3ms suffix; Translation: “his entrails”; Notes: Internal organs.
- אַרְצָה (ʾartzah) – Root: ארץ; Form: Feminine singular noun with directional heh; Translation: “to the ground”; Notes: Indicates motion downward.
- וְלֹא־שָׁנָה (ve-lo-shanah) – Root: שנה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + negative; Translation: “and he did not repeat”; Notes: Implies he did not strike again.
- לֹו (lo) – Form: Preposition + 3ms suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Direct object reference.
- וַיָּמֹת (vayyamot) – Root: מות; Form: Wayyiqtol Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “and he died”; Notes: Refers to ʿAmasa’s death.
- וְיֹואָב (ve-Yoʾav) – Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “And Yoʾav”; Notes: Subject of the next action.
- וַאֲבִישַׁי (va-Avishai) – Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Avishai”; Notes: Yoʾav’s brother.
- אָחִיו (aḥiv) – Root: אח; Form: Noun + 3ms suffix; Translation: “his brother”; Notes: Modifies Avishai.
- רָדַף (radaf) – Root: רדף; Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “pursued”; Notes: Describes their pursuit.
- אַחֲרֵי (aḥarei) – Root: אחר; Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Indicates direction of action.
- שֶׁבַע (Shevaʿ) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shevaʿ”; Notes: Son of Bikhri, the rebel.
- בֶּן־בִּכְרִי (ben-Bikhri) – Root: בן, בכרי; Form: Construct phrase with proper name; Translation: “son of Bikhri”; Notes: Identifies Shevaʿ’s lineage.