וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח תֹּ֣עִי אֶת־יֹֽורָם־בְּנֹ֣ו אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־֠דָּוִד לִשְׁאָל־לֹ֨ו לְשָׁלֹ֜ום וּֽלְבָרֲכֹ֗ו עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִלְחַ֤ם בַּהֲדַדְעֶ֨זֶר֙ וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּ כִּי־אִ֛ישׁ מִלְחֲמֹ֥ות תֹּ֖עִי הָיָ֣ה הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר וּבְיָדֹ֗ו הָי֛וּ כְּלֵֽי־כֶ֥סֶף וּכְלֵֽי־זָהָ֖ב וּכְלֵ֥י נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃
And Toʿi sent Yoram his son to King Dawid to ask of him for peace and to bless him because he had fought against Hadadʿezer and struck him—for Hadadʿezer had been a man of wars with Toʿi—and in his hand were vessels of silver and vessels of gold and vessels of bronze.
Morphology
- וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח (va-yishlaḥ) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he sent”; Notes: Refers to Toʿi initiating diplomatic contact.
- תֹּ֣עִי (Toʿi) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Toʿi”; Notes: King of Ḥamat.
- אֶת־יֹֽורָם־בְּנֹ֣ו (et-Yoram beno) – Root: ירם (Yoram) + בן (ben); Form: Proper noun + construct; Translation: “Yoram his son”; Notes: Direct object of the verb “sent.”
- אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־דָּוִד (el-ha-melekh-Dawid) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Preposition + definite noun + proper noun; Translation: “to King Dawid”; Notes: Destination of the envoy.
- לִשְׁאָל־לֹו (lishʾol lo) – Root: שאל (shaʾal); Form: Infinitive construct + preposition + pronominal suffix; Translation: “to ask him”; Notes: Purpose expression.
- לְשָׁלֹ֜ום (le-shalom) – Root: שלום (shalom); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “for peace”; Notes: Refers to friendly diplomatic intentions.
- וּלְבָרֲכֹ֗ו (u-levarakho) – Root: ברך (barakh); Form: Infinitive construct + pronominal suffix; Translation: “and to bless him”; Notes: Parallel to asking for peace.
- עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר (ʿal asher) – Root: על (ʿal) + אשר (asher); Form: Preposition + relative pronoun; Translation: “because / on account of that”; Notes: Introduces the reason for sending Yoram.
- נִלְחַ֤ם (nilḥam) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Nifal perfect 3ms; Translation: “he fought”; Notes: Passive/reflexive form.
- בַּהֲדַדְעֶ֨זֶר (ba-Hadadʿezer) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “against Hadadʿezer”; Notes: Direct object of “fought.”
- וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּ (va-yakkehu) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3ms + 3ms suffix; Translation: “and he struck him”; Notes: Dawid defeated Hadadʿezer.
- כִּי־אִ֛ישׁ מִלְחֲמֹ֥ות (ki-ish milkhamot) – Root: איש (ish), מלחמה (milḥamah); Form: Noun phrase; Translation: “for a man of wars”; Notes: Indicates prior conflict history.
- תֹּ֖עִי (Toʿi) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Toʿi”; Notes: Here it is governed by the clause on Hadadʿezer’s enmity.
- הָיָ֣ה (hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “had been / was”; Notes: Describes state or role.
- הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר (Hadadʿezer) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Hadadʿezer”; Notes: Object of the previous clause.
- וּבְיָדֹ֗ו (u-ve-yado) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition + noun + 3ms suffix; Translation: “and in his hand”; Notes: Indicates possession.
- הָי֛וּ (hayu) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “were”; Notes: Refers to the items listed next.
- כְּלֵי־כֶ֥סֶף (klei-kesef) – Root: כלי (kli), כסף (kesef); Form: Construct noun phrase; Translation: “vessels of silver”; Notes: Precious metal articles.
- וּכְלֵֽי־זָהָ֖ב (u-klei-zahav) – Root: זהב (zahav); Form: Construct noun phrase; Translation: “and vessels of gold”; Notes: Parallel item.
- וּכְלֵ֥י נְחֹֽשֶׁת (u-klei-neḥoshet) – Root: נחשת (neḥoshet); Form: Construct noun phrase; Translation: “and vessels of bronze”; Notes: Likely part of tribute or spoil.