2 Samuel 8:9

וַיִּשְׁמַ֕ע תֹּ֖עִי מֶ֣לֶךְ חֲמָ֑ת כִּ֚י הִכָּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד אֵ֖ת כָּל־חֵ֥יל הֲדַדְעָֽזֶר׃

And Toʿi king of Ḥamat heard that Dawid had struck down all the army of Hadadʿezer.

Morphology

1. וַיִּשְׁמַ֕ע (va-yishmaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he heard”; Notes: Introduces the report received by the foreign king.
2. תֹּ֖עִי (Toʿi) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Toʿi”; Notes: A king in northern Syria.
3. מֶ֣לֶךְ (melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “king of”; Notes: Construct with Ḥamat.
4. חֲמָ֑ת (Ḥamat) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Feminine singular; Translation: “Ḥamat”; Notes: A significant Aramean city-state in Syria.
5. כִּ֚י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the content of what Toʿi heard.
6. הִכָּ֣ה (hikkah) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Hifil perfect 3ms; Translation: “he struck down”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s military action.
7. דָוִ֔ד (Dawid) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb “struck.”
8. אֵ֖ת (et) – Form: Accusative marker; Translation: [not translated]; Notes: Marks the direct object of the verb.
9. כָּל־חֵ֥יל (kol-ḥeil) – Root: חיל (ḥayil); Form: Construct phrase (noun masculine singular construct with kol); Translation: “all the army of”; Notes: Refers to military forces.
10. הֲדַדְעָֽזֶר (Hadadʿezer) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Hadadʿezer”; Notes: King of Tsovah, adversary of Dawid.