שִׁ֘יתָ֤ה יְהוָ֨ה מֹורָ֗ה לָ֫הֶ֥ם יֵדְע֥וּ גֹויִ֑ם אֱנֹ֖ושׁ הֵ֣מָּה סֶּֽלָה׃
Set, O YHWH, a fear for them. Let nations know that they are mortal men. Sela.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | שִׁ֘יתָ֤ה | shitah | “set” | Qal imperative 2ms + paragogic ה |
| 2 | יְהוָה | YHWH | “YHWH” | Proper noun |
| 3 | מֹורָה | morah | “fear / terror” | Noun fs |
| 4 | לָהֶם | lahem | “for them” | Prep לְ + suffix 3mp |
| 5 | יֵדְעוּ | yedeʿu | “let them know” | Qal imperfect 3mp jussive nuance |
| 6 | גֹויִם | goyim | “nations” | Noun mp |
| 7 | אֱנֹושׁ | ʾenosh | “mortal man” | Noun ms |
| 8 | הֵמָּה | hemmah | “they” | Independent pronoun 3mp |
| 9 | סֶּלָה | selah | “Selah” | Liturgical marker |
Morphology
- שִׁיתָה (shitah) – Root: שׁית (shit); Root Type: III-He (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Imperative 2nd person masculine singular + paragogic ה; Translation: “Set”; Notes: Direct petition addressed to YHWH asking Him to place fear upon the nations.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: — ; Root Type: Proper divine name; Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel, vocative in this context.
- מֹורָה (morah) – Root: ירה (y-r-h); Root Type: III-He (weak); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “fear / terror”; Notes: Denotes dread or fear imposed by divine judgment.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: — ; Root Type: Particle with suffix; Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “for them”; Notes: Refers to the nations receiving the fear placed by YHWH.
- יֵדְעוּ (yedeʿu) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Root Type: III-Guttural (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with jussive nuance; Translation: “let them know”; Notes: Expresses the desired outcome that the nations recognize their true status.
- גֹויִם (goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Root Type: III-Yod (weak); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Refers broadly to the non-Israelite peoples.
- אֱנֹושׁ (ʾenosh) – Root: אנשׁ (ʾ-n-sh); Root Type: I-Aleph (weak guttural); Form: Noun masculine singular used collectively; Translation: “mortal man”; Notes: Emphasizes human frailty and mortality.
- הֵמָּה (hemmah) – Root: — ; Root Type: Pronoun; Form: Independent personal pronoun 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they”; Notes: Provides emphatic identification of the nations as merely mortal.
- סֶּלָה (selah) – Root: uncertain; Root Type: Particle; Form: Liturgical or musical marker; Translation: “Selah”; Notes: Likely indicates a pause or reflective moment in the psalm’s recitation.